Origin
Pertusaria subpupillaris Vezda, also known as the black shield lichen, is a species of lichen found in various parts of the world. It is commonly found in the temperate regions of Europe, North America, and Asia. The plant is known for its distinct black shield-like appearance, which has earned it its common name.
Common Names
Besides black shield lichen, Pertusaria subpupillaris Vezda is also referred to as black-eyed shield lichen, common pertusaria, and common boreal pertusaria.
Uses
Although not typically utilized for medicinal or culinary purposes, Pertusaria subpupillaris Vezda is a vital component of the ecosystem. It lives symbiotically with algae, forming a mutualistic relationship that enables photosynthesis and nutrient exchange. This, in turn, contributes to the overall health and vitality of the environment.
General Appearance
The plant has a distinctive black, shield-like appearance that can range from 1-3cm in diameter. It grows flat against the bark of trees and has a smooth, glossy texture when dry. The lichen's periphery is usually black and can have concentric lines, while the center can either be indented or slightly raised. Pertusaria subpupillaris Vezda has tiny black speckles in the center, which give it its alternate name, black-eyed shield lichen.
Overall, Pertusaria subpupillaris Vezda is an impressive and distinct-looking lichen that adds to the vibrant ecology of various regions around the world.
Growth Conditions of Pertusaria subpupillaris Vezda
Light: Pertusaria subpupillaris Vezda is mostly found growing in dimly lit areas. They can tolerate moderate shade but do not thrive in direct sunlight. To ensure optimum growth, it is advisable to provide low to moderate light intensity.
Temperature: This lichen species can withstand a wide range of temperatures. It can grow in both warm and cold environments. However, optimal growth occurs within a temperature range of 10-20°C. Extreme temperatures on both ends can hinder proper growth.
Soil: Pertusaria subpupillaris Vezda is not actually a vascular plant, so it doesn't require any soil for growth. Instead, it grows on the bark of trees, and occasionally on rocks, and prefers a slightly acidic substrate. They are mostly found on deciduous trees, especially in areas with high humidity levels such as rainforests.
Humidity: High humidity is required for proper growth of Pertusaria subpupillaris Vezda. They thrive in areas with moderate to high levels of moisture. Once they attach to the bark of trees, they absorb moisture and nutrients through their thallus.
pH: The pH range for optimum growth of Pertusaria subpupillaris Vezda is between 4 and 7. They prefer slightly acidic environments, so a pH below 7 is essential.
Nutrients: This lichen species does not require any additional nutrients for growth. Nutrients are absorbed from the substrate in which they grow. They have a symbiotic relationship with green algae and cyanobacteria, which help them in photosynthesis.
Cultivation of Pertusaria Subpupillaris Vezda
Cultivating Pertusaria subpupillaris Vezda might seem complicated at first, but it is not a difficult process. The plant thrives best in a semi-shaded or partly sunny area and requires a well-drained growing medium.
Being an epiphytic lichen, Pertusaria subpupillaris Vezda is not parasitic and does not root on the substrate, but rather on the bark of trees, rocks, or soil. Therefore, it is best to cultivate this plant on a substrate that mimics its natural habitat.
Watering Needs
Watering requirement is another aspect to consider when cultivating Pertusaria subpupillaris Vezda. The plant requires moderate watering, but overwatering should be avoided, as it can lead to the formation of mold and affect the plant's growth.
As a general rule, water the plant only when the topmost layer of the substrate feels dry. It is best to use a watering can with a fine spray to prevent the lichen's surface from getting damaged by the impact of water droplets.
Fertilization
As an epiphytic lichen, Pertusaria subpupillaris Vezda derives essential nutrients from the atmosphere rather than from the soil. Therefore, there isn't any need for fertilizers in the cultivation process.
However, if the substrate appears to lack nutrients, you can add small amounts of organic or inorganic fertilizers. Ensure that the fertilizers are added moderately and regularly and that they dissolve in water properly.
Pruning
Pruning is generally not necessary when it comes to cultivating Pertusaria subpupillaris Vezda as it doesn't grow like conventional plants. Lichens are dynamic organisms that form new thalli on top of the old ones, and the outer part of the thallus often necroses. However, if there is any part of the lichen that looks damaged or diseased, it's best to remove it with a sharp and sanitized blade.
Regularly checking the plant for signs of damage, disease, or parasites is essential to maintain its overall health and appearance.
Propagation of Pertusaria subpupillaris Vezda
Pertusaria subpupillaris Vezda can be propagated through various methods, including:
Spores
Spores are the most common method of propagation for lichen species like Pertusaria subpupillaris Vezda. Spores are tiny reproductive units that are dispersed by wind or water. When spores land on a suitable surface, they germinate and develop into a new lichen. To propagate Pertusaria subpupillaris Vezda through spores, collect mature fruiting bodies and burst them to release the spores onto a surface with the right substrate and growing conditions.
Vegetative propagation
Vegatative propagation can also be carried out to propagate Pertusaria subpupillaris Vezda. The process involves cutting off a small portion of the lichen thallus and transplanting it onto a suitable surface. The thallus will then regenerate and develop into a new lichen. This method can be used to create new colonies in areas devoid of existing ones or to harvest propagules for research or conservation purposes.
Fragmentation
Fragmentation is the natural method of propagation for some lichen species. Fragments can break off from a mature lichen and develop into new independent individuals. To propagate Pertusaria subpupillaris Vezda through fragmentation, break off small fragments of the thallus and transplant them onto a suitable surface with the right conditions. These fragments will eventually develop into new lichens, providing the right conditions are met for growth.
Disease Management for Pertusaria subpupillaris Vezda
Pertusaria subpupillaris Vezda is not typically affected by many diseases, but there are a few common ones that gardeners should be aware of. These include:
- Anthracnose: This fungal disease is often caused by wet weather conditions and causes leaf spots, wilting, and cankers on the tree's branches. It can be managed by pruning affected branches and keeping trees well-ventilated.
- Leaf Spot: This fungal disease causes small, brown spots on the leaves of the tree. It can be managed by raking up and disposing of fallen leaves, and removing infected branches.
- Root Rot: This is caused by the soil-borne fungi, which can lead to the death of the tree. It can be managed by maintaining good drainage and avoiding overwatering the tree.
Pest Management for Pertusaria subpupillaris Vezda
Pertusaria subpupillaris Vezda is relatively pest-free, but there are a few insects that can be problematic. These include:
- Aphids: These tiny insects suck sap from the leaves of the tree, causing them to wilt and turn yellow. Aphids can be managed by spraying the tree with a jet of water to remove them, or using natural predators such as ladybugs or lacewings.
- Scale insects: These tiny insects attach themselves to the bark of the tree and suck sap from the branches. They secrete a sticky substance known as honeydew, which can attract other pests. Scale insects can be managed by removing them by hand or using insecticidal soap.
- Caterpillars: Caterpillars can cause extensive damage by feeding on the leaves of the tree. They can be managed by manually removing them or by using biological controls like Bacillus thuringiensis.
