Pericopsis angolensis (Baker) Meeuwen
Pericopsis angolensis, also known as African teak or Mukwa, is a tropical hardwood tree that belongs to the Fabaceae family. It is native to the tropical regions of Africa, particularly found in Angola, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Gabon, Tanzania, and Zambia. The tree usually grows up to a height of 40 meters, with a diametric trunk of 1.5 meters.
The bark of the P. angolensis is grayish-brown in color, while its leaves are in pinnate shape, dark green, with a length of about 8-15 cm. The tree produces beautiful, fragrant, cream-colored flowers that grow in clusters. After flowering, the tree's fruit is a flattened and woody pod that measures around 12-20 cm in length.
Common names
P. angolensis is also known by various common names in different African regions, such as:
- African teak
- Mukwa
- Essingang
- Muamba
- Mbambakofi
Uses
P. angolensis is highly valued for its hardwood, which is excellent for furniture production, flooring, veneer, and carpentry. The teak-like wood of P. angolensis is durable, hard, and resistant to termites and fungi, making it a suitable material for construction projects. The tree's bark and leaves have medicinal properties, used to treat various illnesses such as fever, stomachache, and wounds. The seeds of P. angolensis are edible, roasted, and ground into a coffee-like beverage.
Furthermore, P. angolensis has ecological importance as it provides a habitat for various wildlife species such as elephants, baboons, and monkeys. The tree also contributes to soil conservation, preventing soil erosion, and improving soil fertility.
Light Requirements
Pericopsis angolensis requires full sunlight to grow. It grows well under direct sunlight with little or no shade. Therefore, it is best to plant the tree in an open area to ensure adequate sunlight.
Temperature Requirements
The ideal temperature range for Pericopsis angolensis growth is between 20°C to 29°C. The tree can withstand high temperatures but is susceptible to damage from frost or freezing. Therefore, it is best to plant the tree in areas with a tropical or subtropical climate.
Soil Requirements
Pericopsis angolensis grows best in deep, well-drained soils that are rich in organic matter. The soil should be slightly acidic with a pH range between 5.5 and 6.5. The tree is not tolerant of waterlogged or saline soils, so it is important to avoid planting it in such conditions. Furthermore, a regular supply of nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium is crucial for optimal tree growth. Thus, it is ideal to incorporate fertilizers that are rich in these nutrients into the soil during planting.
Cultivation
Pericopsis angolensis is best cultivated in a moist, well-draining soil with a pH level of 5.5 to 6.5. The plant can be propagated through seeds or stem cuttings. It requires partial shade for optimum growth and should be protected from excessive winds.
Watering Needs
Pericopsis angolensis requires regular water, especially during the growing season. Young plants should be watered once in two days, while mature plants can be watered once a week or whenever the soil surface becomes dry to the touch. However, the plant should not be overwatered, as this may damage the roots and cause root rot.
Fertilization
Pericopsis angolensis requires regular fertilization to promote healthy growth. A balanced, slow-release fertilizer with equal amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium should be applied once in two months during the growing season. However, it is essential to follow the manufacturer's instructions when applying the fertilizer to avoid over-fertilization, which may cause burn on the leaves or even death of the plant.
Pruning
Pericopsis angolensis requires regular pruning to promote bushy growth and prevent the plant from becoming lanky. Pruning can be done once a year during the dormant season, preferably in late winter or early spring. Dead, diseased, or broken branches should be pruned to prevent the spread of diseases and pests. Thin out any overcrowded branches to maximize light penetration and airflow. However, it is essential to use sharp pruners to avoid crushing the stems.
Propagation of Pericopsis angolensis (Baker) Meeuwen
Pericopsis angolensis (Baker) Meeuwen is propagated through both seed and vegetative means.
Seed propagation
The seeds of Pericopsis angolensis are recalcitrant, meaning they cannot be stored for a long time without losing their viability. Therefore, the seeds must be sown within a few weeks after collection to increase the chances of germination. The seeds are sown directly in a seedbed or container using a well-drained soil mixture. It is recommended to soak the seeds in hot water for 24 hours prior to sowing to increase germination rates. The seedlings grow slowly, and it may take up to a year before they are ready for transplantation.
Vegetative propagation
Pericopsis angolensis can also be propagated vegetatively through stem cuttings. The best time to take cuttings is during the early rainy season when the plant is actively growing. A stem cutting with at least two nodes is taken and treated with a rooting hormone before planting it in a rooting medium. The medium should be kept moist but well-drained, and the cuttings should be placed in a shaded area until roots have developed. Once the cuttings have rooted, they can be transplanted to their permanent location.
Disease Management for Pericopsis angolensis
Pericopsis angolensis is a relatively healthy and disease-resistant plant, but it is still susceptible to a few diseases that can damage or even kill the plant.
One of the most common diseases that affect the plant is leaf spot. This is a fungal disease that causes small brown spots to form on the plant's leaves, which can eventually lead to the defoliation of the plant. To manage this disease, it is recommended to remove affected leaves and improve air circulation around the plant to prevent moisture buildup. Additionally, regular application of fungicides can help prevent and treat the disease.
Another disease that can affect Pericopsis angolensis is stem canker. This is a bacterial disease that causes the plant's stems to become discolored and weakened, eventually leading to the death of the plant. To manage this disease, it is recommended to remove infected parts of the plant and apply copper fungicides to prevent the spread of the disease.
Pest Management for Pericopsis angolensis
Pericopsis angolensis is also fairly resistant to pests, but there are still a few that can cause damage to the plant.
One of the most common pests that affect the plant is the mealybug. These pests are small, white, and fuzzy, and they feed on the sap of the plant, causing distorted growth and a decline in overall plant health. To manage this pest, it is recommended to remove any affected plant parts and apply insecticides to prevent a re-infestation.
Another pest that can affect Pericopsis angolensis is the leaf-eating caterpillar. These pests can defoliate the plant, causing significant damage if left unchecked. To manage this pest, it is recommended to remove any visible caterpillars by hand, apply insecticides, and improve the overall health of the plant to make it more resistant to pests.