Overview: Pericopsis angolensis (Baker) Meeuwen forma intermedia
Pericopsis angolensis (Baker) Meeuwen forma intermedia is a tropical hardwood tree that belongs to the Fabaceae (Leguminosae) family. This plant is native to the tropical regions of Africa, specifically Angola, Congo, Gabon, and Tanzania.
Common Names
Pericopsis angolensis (Baker) Meeuwen forma intermedia is commonly referred to as African Teak, Mukwa, and Kokrodua. In Angola, it is known as Mussibi, while in Gabon, it is called Ozigo.
Appearance
The tree can grow to a height of 40-50 meters with a trunk diameter of 1-2 meters. The bark is dark brown and rough, with deep fissures and ridges. The leaves are pinnately compound, with 5-7 pairs of leaflets that are dark green and glossy. The flowers are shaped like pea flowers and grow in clusters that hang from the branches. The fruit is a long, flat, woody pod that can grow up to 25 cm in length.
Uses
The wood of the tree is highly valued for its strength, durability, and beauty. It is commonly used for furniture, flooring, and paneling. The wood is also used for boat building, bridges, and railway sleepers. The bark is used in traditional medicine to treat malaria, fever, and stomach ailments. The pods are used as a source of food for both humans and livestock.
Unfortunately, the tree is currently facing threats due to deforestation and illegal logging for its valuable wood. It is classified as vulnerable by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Conservation efforts are needed to protect this valuable tree and ensure its long-term survival.
Light Requirements
Pericopsis angolensis forma intermedia thrives under full to partial sunlight. As it grows naturally in forests, it prefers dappled light rather than direct sunlight. The plant may show stunted growth and yellowing of leaves in low light conditions.
Temperature Requirements
The plant needs a warm and humid climate for optimal growth. It grows well in temperatures ranging from 20°C to 30°C, and cannot tolerate frost or temperatures below 10°C. High humidity levels aid in the plant's growth, and it needs consistent moisture.
Soil Requirements
The plant can grow in a variety of soils but prefers well-drained soils with a pH range of 5-6.5. It requires rich, fertile soils with high organic matter content. It may not perform well in compacted or heavy clay soils, which may result in stunted growth, poor drainage, and root rot.
Cultivation methods
Pericopsis angolensis (Baker) Meeuwen forma intermedia, commonly known as African Teak, can be grown through seed propagation or vegetative reproduction. For seed propagation, seeds are collected during the fruiting season and sown immediately. The soil should be acidic and well-draining. On the other hand, vegetative propagation involves rooting stem cuttings from mature trees and planting them in suitable soils.
Watering needs
African Teak requires watering regularly, especially during the dry seasons. The plant should receive about 50-60 mm of water per week. However, care should be taken to avoid waterlogging, which can lead to root rot. Proper drainage should be ensured to prevent waterlogging.
Fertilization
Regular fertilization is essential for optimal growth and development of the African Teak. The plant should be fertilized annually with a balanced fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. The fertilizer should be applied three months after planting and for mature trees; it should be applied during the growing season.
Pruning
Pruning is necessary for shaping, removing diseased or damaged branches, and promoting bushier growth. For freshly planted African Teak, pruning is not required for the first year. The plant can be pruned once or twice annually, preferably during the dry season when the plant is in a dormant state. Pruning should be done using clean and sharp tools to minimize damage to the plant.
Propagation of Pericopsis angolensis forma intermedia
Pericopsis angolensis forma intermedia, commonly known as African Teak, can be propagated through both sexual and asexual methods. Here are some of the most common propagation methods:
Seed Propagation
Pericopsis angolensis forma intermedia can be propagated by seed. Seeds can be collected from mature trees during the fruiting season. These seeds are broken open to remove the inner seed, which is then soaked in water for two days to soften the outer covering. After soaking, the outer layer can be removed, and the seed can be sown in a container or directly in the ground. It takes 2-3 years for seeds to germinate, and it can take up to 5 years for the sapling to mature.
Vegetative Propagation
Pericopsis angolensis forma intermedia can also be propagated through vegetative methods such as cuttings, layering, and grafting:
- Cuttings: Stem cuttings or root cuttings can be taken from mature trees and inserted into a rooting hormone. The cuttings need to be kept in a warm and moist environment until they develop roots and can be transplanted.
- Layering: This propagation method involves bending a low hanging branch into the soil and securing it until it forms roots. Once the roots develop, the branch can be separated and planted in a new location.
- Grafting: Grafting is a common propagation method for Pericopsis angolensis forma intermedia. It involves joining a cutting from the desired tree (the scion) with the rootstock of a related tree, such as Pericopsis elata. The scion will then grow into a new tree.
Propagation of Pericopsis angolensis forma intermedia has proven to be challenging due to the slow growth rate as well as susceptibility to diseases and pests. Proper care and maintenance, including composting and fertilizing, can increase the success rate of propagation.
Disease and Pest Management for Pericopsis angolensis (Baker) Meeuwen forma intermedia
Pericopsis angolensis (Baker) Meeuwen forma intermedia, commonly known as African Teak, is a species of hardwood tree that grows in tropical regions. Like all plants, African Teak is susceptible to various diseases and pests. It is essential to understand the common issues affecting this plant and implement proper treatment and management methods to ensure its growth and production.
Common Diseases of Pericopsis angolensis (Baker) Meeuwen forma intermedia
The most common diseases affecting African Teak include leaf spot, stem canker, and wood decay. Leaf spots are caused by fungal infections that result in the development of small, circular spots on the leaves. Stem canker, on the other hand, is a fungal infection that affects the stem, causing it to become discolored and die. Wood decay is a fungal infection that affects the heartwood, causing it to rot. These diseases can cause significant damage and may lead to stunted growth, reduced production, or even death of the plant if left untreated.
To manage these diseases, it is essential to maintain proper plant hygiene and sanitation. Prune and dispose of infected plant parts, and avoid wounding the plant during pruning. Additionally, keep the plant well-watered and minimize stress by providing adequate nutrients and light. Furthermore, apply fungicides and other appropriate treatments as recommended by a qualified professional to eradicate the disease.
Common Pests of Pericopsis angolensis (Baker) Meeuwen forma intermedia
African Teak is also susceptible to pests, including termites, scale insects, and leaf miners. Termites are a significant threat to this plant, as they can cause extensive damage to the wood. Scale insects and leaf miners can cause discoloration and deformations in the leaves, leading to reduced photosynthesis and stunted growth.
To manage these pests, it is essential to deploy the proper prevention and control measures. Regular monitoring of the plant for signs of infestation is essential, with prompt action taken if observed. Control measures include the use of insecticidal soaps, neem oil, and other appropriate treatments, as recommended by a qualified professional. Minimizing stress to the plant, such as by providing adequate nutrients and maintaining optimal growing conditions, can also help to prevent pest infestation.
Conclusion
In conclusion, Pericopsis angolensis (Baker) Meeuwen forma intermedia is a valuable hardwood tree with numerous benefits. It is susceptible to various diseases and pests, which can cause significant damage and reduced production if left unmanaged. Therefore, implementing proper disease and pest management measures, such as maintaining proper plant hygiene, deploying the right treatments, and providing optimal growing conditions, is crucial to ensure the growth and optimal production of the plant.
