Origin and Common Names
Pelargonium citronellum J.J.A.van der Walt, commonly known as the Lemon-scented Geranium or Citronella Geranium, is a perennial shrub that belongs to the family Geraniaceae. The plant is native to South Africa and is widely cultivated around the world as an ornamental plant.
Description and Appearance
Pelargonium citronellum is a relatively small shrub that grows up to 1m in height and spreads around 1.5m in width. The plant has soft, green foliage, with velvety, pinnate leaves that are deeply lobed. The leaves are also known for their strong lemon-like scent. The flowers of Pelargonium citronellum are small, five-petaled, and range in color from white, light pink, to dark pink. The plant blooms from late spring to early winter, making it a great addition to gardens as a winter bloomer.
Uses
The Lemon-scented Geranium has a wide range of uses, from medicinal to culinary and ornamental. One of the most notable uses of Pelargonium citronellum is its ability to repel insects. The plant contains citronellol, which is a natural insect repellent. The oil extracted from the plant is used in many commercial insect repellents. In addition, the plant is also used in aromatherapy due to its refreshing and uplifting scent, which helps to reduce stress and improve mental clarity. Pelargonium citronellum is also used in the production of perfumes and cosmetics due to its pleasant scent. Lastly, the leaves of the plant can be used to flavor teas, jellies, and other culinary dishes.
Light Requirements
Pelargonium citronellum J.J.A.van der Walt requires full sun for optimal growth. It is recommended to place the plant in an area where it can receive direct sunlight for at least six hours a day. Without adequate sunlight, the plant may become leggy and fail to produce flowers.
Temperature Requirements
The plant is adaptable to a wide range of temperatures and can withstand heat and drought very well. However, the ideal temperature range for the Pelargonium citronellum J.J.A.van der Walt is between 10°C to 30°C. It can survive frost but growth will be stunted if exposed for long periods.
Soil Requirements
The Pelargonium citronellum J.J.A.van der Walt prefers well-draining soil. A soil mixture with a pH range between 6.0 to 7.0 is recommended. The best soil mixture for the plant comprises a mixture of perlite, vermiculite, and peat moss. Adding organic matter such as compost or manure to the soil is also beneficial.
The plant can tolerate dry soil well but it requires regular watering during hot weather. It is important not to overwater the plant as this can lead to root rot. It is also essential to have good air circulation around the plant to prevent fungal infections.
Cultivation of Pelargonium citronellum J.J.A.van der Walt
The plant Pelargonium citronellum J.J.A.van der Walt, commonly known as lemon-scented pelargonium, is a perennial shrub that can tolerate a wide range of temperatures. It is relatively easy to grow and can thrive both indoors and in outdoor gardens. However, for optimal growth and productivity, the following cultivation practices should be observed.
Watering needs
Pelargonium citronellum J.J.A.van der Walt requires regular watering, especially during the growing season. The soil should be kept moist at all times, but not waterlogged. However, it is essential to keep the leaves dry to prevent fungal diseases. Overwatering should be avoided as it can lead to root rot. During the winter months, the frequency of watering should be reduced, and the soil allowed to dry slightly between watering.
Fertilization
Pelargonium citronellum J.J.A.van der Walt is not a heavy feeder, but regular fertilization can improve growth and productivity. A balanced fertilizer with equal amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium can be applied every two weeks during the growing season. Alternatively, a slow-release fertilizer can be incorporated into the potting soil during planting. During the winter months, fertilizer applications should be reduced or stopped altogether.
Pruning
Pruning is an essential aspect of Pelargonium citronellum J.J.A.van der Walt cultivation. Regular pruning promotes bushier growth, enhances air circulation, and prevents the plant from becoming leggy. Additionally, pruning encourages the production of more leaves, which is where the essential oils responsible for the plant's lemon scent are found. Prune the plant in early spring before new growth starts by removing the old and woody stems, and cutting back the remaining stems by one-third of their length. Further pruning can be done during the growing season by cutting back any leggy or damaged stems or removing spent flowers.
Propagation of Pelargonium citronellum J.J.A.van der Walt
Pelargonium citronellum J.J.A.van der Walt can be propagated through various methods such as:
- Stem cuttings: This is the most popular method for propagating Pelargonium citronellum J.J.A.van der Walt. Cuttings of about 5-7 cm long should be taken from the tip of the stem during the growing season, preferably in spring or early summer. Remove the lower leaves, dip the cut end in rooting hormone, and plant it in a pot filled with a well-draining potting mix. Keep the soil moist and in indirect bright light, and the cutting should develop roots in 2-4 weeks.
- Seed propagation: Pelargonium citronellum J.J.A.van der Walt seeds can be sown directly in the garden or in pots in spring or early summer. The seeds should be sown on the surface of well-draining soil mix, covered lightly with soil, and kept moist. Germination can take 2-3 weeks, and once the seedlings have developed a few leaves, they can be transplanted to individual pots or to the garden.
- Division: Pelargonium citronellum J.J.A.van der Walt can be divided when the plant becomes too large or crowded. The best time to do this is in early spring before new growth appears. Gently remove the plant from its container or the ground and use a sharp, clean knife to divide the plant into several sections. Each section should have a healthy root system and a few shoots or leaves. Replant each division in well-draining soil and water well.
Disease and Pest Management for Pelargonium Citronellum J.J.A.van der Walt
Pelargonium citronellum J.J.A.van der Walt is a hardy plant that is less vulnerable to pests and diseases. However, some common diseases and pests can still affect it, and it’s important to know how to manage them effectively to keep the plant healthy and strong.
Common Diseases
Botrytis Blight: Botrytis blight is a fungal disease that affects the leaves, flowers, and stems of Pelargonium citronellum J.J.A.van der Walt. The infected parts appear watersoaked and turn brown over time. To manage Botrytis blight, it is recommended to remove and destroy the infected parts, improve air circulation around the plant, and avoid over-fertilization.
Root Rot: Overwatering is the main cause of root rot in Pelargonium citronellum J.J.A.van der Walt. The leaves of the infected plant turn yellow and wilt, and the roots turn brown and mushy. To manage root rot, it is recommended to remove the infected parts, improve soil drainage, and water the plant only when the soil is dry.
Common Pests
Aphids: Aphids are small, pear-shaped insects that suck the sap from the leaves and flowers of Pelargonium citronellum J.J.A.van der Walt. The infected parts appear deformed and discolored. To manage aphids, it is recommended to remove them manually or use insecticidal soap or neem oil.
Spider Mites: Spider mites are tiny pests that spin webs on the leaves of Pelargonium citronellum J.J.A.van der Walt. The infected leaves appear discolored and stippled, and the plant become weak and stunted. To manage spider mites, it is recommended to wipe the leaves with soapy water or use insecticidal soap or neem oil.
Thrips: Thrips are tiny insects that feed on the leaves of Pelargonium citronellum J.J.A.van der Walt. The infected leaves turn pale and develop yellow spots. To manage thrips, it is recommended to remove the infected parts and use insecticidal soap or neem oil.
By being vigilant and following these steps, you can successfully manage diseases and pests that may affect your Pelargonium citronellum J.J.A.van der Walt plant and promote its overall health and growth.
