Origin and Common Names
Pedalium busseanum (Engl.) Stapf, also known as Gokhru, is a small flowering plant belonging to the family Pedaliaceae. It is native to Africa and is commonly found in tropical regions of the continent. The plant is also commonly known by several other names, including puncture vine, devil's thorn, and caltrop.Appearance
The plant Pedalium busseanum has a low-lying growth habit and reaches a maximum height of about 90cm tall. The stems and leaves of the plant are covered in small thorns, which can puncture the skin and cause pain if not handled carefully. The leaves are lobed and relatively small, measuring up to 7cm in length. The flowers are small and yellow in color, and they usually bloom from July to October. The fruits of the plant are known as burrs and are rounded in shape with two sharp spines. They measure about 2cm in diameter.Uses
Pedalium busseanum has been traditionally used in African medicine for a wide range of ailments. The plant is known for its diuretic and anti-inflammatory properties and is commonly used to treat urinary tract problems such as infections, bladder inflammation, and kidney stones. The plant is also believed to have aphrodisiac properties and is used to improve fertility in men. The fruits of the plant, known as Gokhru fruits, are used to make teas, tinctures, and powders, which are used for medicinal purposes. Additionally, the plant is sometimes used in traditional African cuisine, where the leaves and stems are cooked as vegetables or added to soups and stews.Light Requirements
Pedalium busseanum requires plenty of sunlight to grow and thrive. It can tolerate partial shade, but the plant performs best when it receives full sunlight. In areas with high temperatures, it is advisable to grow the plant under partial shade to avoid damage from extreme heat.
Temperature Requirements
Pedalium busseanum grows best in warm environments with temperatures ranging between 20 and 30 degrees Celsius. The plant can tolerate higher temperatures but may require more watering under such conditions. In places with extremely low temperatures, the plant may not survive or may enter a dormant stage until the temperature rises significantly.
Soil Requirements
The plant grows best in well-draining soils that are rich in organic matter. The pH level of the soil should be between 5.5 and 6.5 for optimal growth. Pedalium busseanum is relatively adaptable to different soil types, including sandy, loamy, and clay soils. However, the plant requires adequate water supply to grow and may require more watering in sandy soils. Additionally, the plant cannot tolerate waterlogged soils, and it is essential to ensure proper drainage in areas with heavy rains.
Cultivation methods
Pedalium busseanum is a hardy and drought-resistant plant that is best grown in areas with a tropical climate. It prefers well-drained soil but can grow in various soil types. It can be propagated from seeds or stem cuttings. If planted by seed, the seeds should be sown at a depth of 1-2 cm in well-prepared, fertile soil. It is important to keep the soil moist during the germination period, which can take up to 2-4 weeks. Once the seedlings have grown to at least 10 cm, they can be transplanted to their permanent location.
Watering needs
Pedalium busseanum requires moderate watering. In areas with high rainfall, occasional watering may be enough. However, in dry regions, regular watering is essential. It is important to ensure that the plant does not get overwatered, as this can lead to root rot.
Fertilization
The plant is generally not a heavy feeder and can do well even with low levels of fertility. If required, organic fertilizers can be applied during the growth period. Compost or well-decomposed manure can be applied around the base of the plant for best results.
Pruning
Pedalium busseanum requires minimal pruning. The plant will naturally take on a shrubby shape, and occasional trimming may be required to keep it looking tidy. Dead or diseased branches should be removed promptly to prevent the spread of diseases. Pruning can also be done to control the plant's size and shape as required.
Propagation Methods of Pedalium busseanum
Pedalium busseanum (Engl.) Stapf, commonly known as the devil's thorn or puncture vine, is a species of plant that belongs to the Pedaliaceae family. It is native to Africa and widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions. The plant is an annual herb that grows up to 30 cm tall and has small yellow flowers that produce a woody fruit covered with thorns.
There are different methods to propagate Pedalium busseanum. The most common ones are:
Seed propagation
Seed propagation is the most effective method to propagate Pedalium busseanum. The plant produces a large number of seeds that are easy to collect and store for future use. To propagate from seeds, sow them in a well-drained soil mixture and water regularly. It is important to keep the soil moist, but not waterlogged, until the seeds germinate. The germination period typically ranges from 7 to 14 days.
Cuttings propagation
Pedalium busseanum can also be propagated from stem cuttings, but this method is less common. To propagate from cuttings, take a stem about 10 cm long and remove the leaves from the lower part. Dip the stem in rooting hormone and plant it in a well-draining soil mixture. Keep the soil moist and place the cutting in a shaded area until roots develop, which may take up to several weeks.
Division propagation
Division propagation is another method to propagate Pedalium busseanum but may be difficult because the plant has a shallow root system. To propagate by division, dig up the plant and gently separate the roots into several sections. Plant the sections in a well-draining soil mixture, and water regularly until the roots are established.
Pedalium busseanum is a relatively easy plant to propagate, and it is widely grown for its medicinal properties and as an ornamental plant. Choose the propagation method that works best for your skill level and available resources.
Disease and Pest Management for Pedalium busseanum (Engl.) Stapf
Pedalium busseanum (Engl.) Stapf, also called the Devil's Apple, is a rapidly growing plant that is known to thrive best in areas with well-drained soil and abundant sunlight. Despite its hardiness, the plant can still be affected by a variety of diseases and pests that can hinder its growth and reduce its yield. Here are some of the most common diseases and pests that might affect the plant and some suggestions on how to manage them.
Diseases
One of the most common diseases that affects Pedalium busseanum is leaf spot, which is usually caused by the fungus Alternaria alternata. Symptoms of leaf spot typically include black spots on the leaves that can increase in size over time. To manage this disease, it is important to remove and destroy any infected leaves or plants, apply appropriate fungicides, and maintain proper watering practices that minimize the amount of moisture on the leaves.
Powdery mildew is also a common disease that can affect Pedalium busseanum. It is a fungal disease that can cause a white powdery coating to form on the leaves. To manage this disease, it is essential to prune any infected areas of the plant, apply appropriate fungicides, and ensure that the plant is well-ventilated to reduce humidity.
Pests
Aphids are a common pest that can attack Pedalium busseanum. Symptoms of an aphid infestation include yellow and distorted leaves and a sticky substance on the plant. To manage this pest, it is vital to remove any infected parts of the plant, apply appropriate insecticides, and use natural predators such as ladybugs and lacewings to control the population of aphids.
The spider mite is another pest that can affect the plant and can cause yellowing and curling of leaves. These pests can be managed through the regular application of insecticidal soap and horticultural oils. It is important to note that prevention is the key to managing pests effectively, so regular monitoring of the plant to detect any signs of infestation is essential.
Overall, the best practice in managing diseases and pests for Pedalium busseanum is through careful observation of the plant, proper pruning practices, and the application of appropriate fungicides and insecticides as necessary. With these measures in place, you can enjoy healthy and productive Devil's Apples year after year.
