Overview of Pausinystalia pachyceras (K.Schum.) De Wild.
Pausinystalia pachyceras (K.Schum.) De Wild. is a plant species belonging to the Rubiaceae family. The plant is also known by other common names such as African coffee, Kola coffee, Golden coffee, and Obang tea. It is native to the tropical rainforests of West and Central Africa and can grow up to 30 meters in height.
Appearance of Pausinystalia pachyceras (K.Schum.) De Wild.
The bark of the Pausinystalia pachyceras (K.Schum.) De Wild. is smooth, grey, and thin. The plant produces simple, opposite leaves that are elliptical or oblong, ranging from 5-14 cm in length and 2-6 cm in width. The leaves are dark green and glossy on the upper surface and light green on the lower. The flowers of the plant are small, white, and fragrant, and the fruit of the plant is a capsule that contains several seeds.
Uses of Pausinystalia pachyceras (K.Schum.) De Wild.
Pausinystalia pachyceras (K.Schum.) De Wild. has a significant cultural and economic importance in West and Central Africa. The seeds of the plant are used to make a popular drink known as kola nut in Nigeria, Sierra Leone, and other African countries. The drink contains caffeine, theobromine, and other alkaloids, which act as stimulants. The extract from the seeds is also used in the production of soft drinks, energy drinks, and certain pharmaceutical products. Apart from its economic importance, the plant is used in traditional African medicine to treat various health conditions such as migraines, asthma, and bronchitis. It has also been found to possess anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antimicrobial properties.
Overall, Pausinystalia pachyceras (K.Schum.) De Wild. is an essential plant species in West and Central Africa due to its economic, medicinal, and cultural significance.
Light Requirements
Pausinystalia pachyceras (K.Schum.) De Wild. grows best under moderate to high light intensity. It prefers bright, indirect light and protection from direct sunlight, especially during the hottest parts of the day. Lack of sufficient light can lead to stunted growth and leaf drop. Inadequate levels of light may also diminish the plant's ability to produce flowers and fruits.
Temperature Requirements
The ideal temperature range for Pausinystalia pachyceras is between 18°C and 26°C (64°F-79°F). The plant does not tolerate extreme cold or heat well and may suffer from leaf scorch or dieback when exposed to temperatures outside of its comfort range. Cold drafts and abrupt changes in temperature can also damage the plant's health. Therefore, it is best to keep your P. pachyceras in a location with stable temperatures.
Soil Requirements
Pausinystalia pachyceras prefers a well-draining soil that is rich in organic matter. A soil mix consisting of two parts peat moss, two parts perlite, and two parts pine bark provides excellent drainage and aeration. The plant thrives in slightly acidic to slightly alkaline soil with pH between 6.0 and 7.5. To ensure optimal growth, avoid using heavy or compacted soil that traps water and causes root rot. Moreover, P. pachyceras requires regular watering to keep the soil moist but not soggy.
Cultivation
Pausinystalia pachyceras (K.Schum.) De Wild. is a tropical plant that thrives in warm and humid environments. It is commonly known as the "Yohimbe" tree and is native to Africa. The plant is relatively easy to grow and maintain, but it requires specific conditions for optimal growth. The soil should be well-draining and rich in organic matter. The plant prefers partial shade, but it can tolerate full sun exposure in humid environments. It is important to protect the plant from strong winds and frost.Watering Needs
The Yohimbe tree requires consistent moisture, but it does not like to be overwatered. The soil should be kept slightly moist, but not waterlogged. Water the plant regularly, especially during the growing season, and reduce watering in the winter. It is important to avoid letting the soil dry out completely.Fertilization
Pausinystalia pachyceras (K.Schum.) De Wild. benefits from regular fertilization during the growing season. Use a balanced fertilizer with equal parts nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Apply the fertilizer every two to three weeks. It is important to follow the instructions on the fertilizer packaging and avoid over-fertilizing, which can damage the plant.Pruning
Pruning is not necessary for the Yohimbe tree but can help to maintain its shape and size. Prune off any dead or damaged branches using pruning shears or loppers. It is best to prune in late winter or early spring before the growing season begins. Avoid pruning during the growing season, as this can damage the plant and reduce its ability to produce flowers and fruit.Propagation of Pausinystalia pachyceras
Pausinystalia pachyceras is a small to medium-sized tree that is known for its medicinal properties and its use in the production of the alkaloid, Yohimbine. Propagation of the species can be done using different methods, which include:
Seed propagation
Seeds can be collected from mature fruits of the plant. After harvesting, the pulp should be removed before planting. The seeds should be soaked in water for 24 hours before sowing. Sowing can be done in seedbeds filled with a mixture of topsoil and manure. The seeds should be planted at a depth of 2 cm and maintained at a temperature of 25-30°C. Water should be supplied regularly, especially during dry seasons.
Cuttings propagation
Propagation of Pausinystalia pachyceras through cuttings can be done using either root cuttings or stem cuttings. Root cuttings are taken from mature trees, and the cuttings should be 20-30 cm long. Stem cuttings are taken from young branches, and the cuttings should be 10-15 cm long. Cuttings should be treated with a rooting hormone and planted in a mixture of sand and soil. The cuttings should be kept moist and at a temperature of 25-30°C. Rooting should occur within 4-6 weeks.
Air layering propagation
Air layering is another method of propagation used for Pausinystalia pachyceras. This method involves removing a ring of bark from the stem of a mature tree and covering it with moist soil. Roots will emerge from the wounded area, and after a few months, the stem can be cut below the rooted area and planted in a prepared bed.
Disease Management
Pausinystalia pachyceras is susceptible to various diseases that can negatively affect its growth and productivity. The most common diseases affecting this plant include:
- Leaf spot: This is a fungal disease that causes brown or black spots on the leaves. To manage this disease, remove and destroy infected leaves and ensure proper plant spacing for better air circulation.
- Coffee berry disease: This is a fungal disease that affects the berries, causing them to turn black and fall off prematurely. To manage this disease, apply fungicides during the flowering stage and avoid over-fertilizing or over-pruning the plant.
- Root rot: This is a fungal disease that affects the roots, causing them to become soft and mushy. Overwatering is the main cause of root rot in Pausinystalia pachyceras. To manage this disease, ensure proper drainage and only water the plant when the soil is dry.
Pest Management
Pests can also cause significant damage to Pausinystalia pachyceras. The following are common pests that affect this plant:
- Coffee borer beetle: This beetle bores into the coffee beans, causing them to be unfit for consumption. To manage this pest, use pheromone traps and apply insecticides during the flowering stage.
- Ants: Ants are attracted to the sweet nectar produced by the plant. They can protect honeydew-producing insects like mealybugs and scales, which can damage the plant. To manage this pest, apply sticky barriers around the base of the plant and remove any infested plant parts.
- Whiteflies: These insects suck the sap from the leaves, causing them to turn yellow and fall off. To manage this pest, use yellow sticky traps and apply insecticidal soap or neem oil.
