General Description
Paspalum urvillei Steud., commonly known as Vasey grass or Argentine crown grass, is a perennial warm-season grass species belonging to the Paspalum genus, Poaceae family. It is native to South America but has since spread to many regions around the world as an invasive species.
Appearance
Vasey grass grows up to a height of 3.3 ft (1 m) and forms a dense turf with a bunch-like growth habit. Its leaves are long, narrow, and flat, with a dark green color and a glossy texture. The inflorescence is a panicle with several branches, each carrying numerous spikelets with small flowers.
Uses
Vasey grass is often used for ornamental purposes in gardens, parks, and other landscaped areas. It also serves as a forage crop for livestock, especially in South America, where it is commonly cultivated for grazing and silage. Some communities use the grass for thatching roofs of traditional houses. Medicinally, the leaves and stems of the plant have been employed as traditional remedies for various ailments such as fevers, urinary tract infections, and blood detoxification.
Light Requirements
Paspalum urvillei Steud. is a highly adaptable plant species that can grow in either full sunlight or partial shade. It has been observed to grow best in full sunlight, receiving at least six hours of direct sunlight a day.
Temperature Requirements
Under optimal growth conditions, Paspalum urvillei Steud. thrives in temperatures ranging from 68°F to 86°F (20°C to 30°C) and can withstand low temperatures as well. Although it can tolerate frost, it can slow down growth and produce less desirable foliage.
Soil Requirements
Paspalum urvillei Steud. is known for its adaptability and can grow well in various soil types. The ideal soil pH range for this species is between 5.5 and 7.5. It can thrive in sandy soils or even heavy clay soils with good drainage. Adequate water retention capacity and good soil fertility are essential for its growth and development.
Cultivation Methods
Paspalum urvillei, commonly known as Vasey grass, is a hardy, perennial grass that can grow in different climatic conditions. It is widely cultivated for forage and pasture purposes. To cultivate this plant, it is essential to prepare the soil adequately. The soil should be well-drained, fertile, and slightly acidic to neutral. It is also important to ensure that there is adequate sunlight and airflow in the growing area.Watering Needs
Paspalum urvillei can tolerate moderate drought levels, but regular watering is essential for optimum growth and development. The plant requires about 25-30 inches of water annually. Newly planted grass should be watered daily for the first two weeks and then be reduced to once a week until the plant is well established. It is important to water deep so that the roots are encouraged to grow deep into the soil.Fertilization
Fertilization is essential for the growth and development of Paspalum urvillei. A soil test should be done to determine the right type of fertilizer needed. It is recommended to apply nitrogen fertilizer every four to six weeks during the growing season. Typically, the recommended nitrogen rate is between 50-100 pounds per acre, and it is important to ensure proper timing and application to avoid nitrogen loss.Pruning
Pruning is not a significant aspect of growing Paspalum urvillei. However, it is important to mow the grass regularly to control weeds and encourage regrowth. The mowing height should be about 2-4 inches, and the frequency can be adjusted depending on the growth rate of the grass. It is also important to remove any damaged or diseased leaves to prevent the spread of pests and diseases.Propagation of Paspalum urvillei Steud.
Paspalum urvillei Steud., commonly known as Vasey grass, is a warm-season perennial grass species that is typically found in sandy soil and disturbed areas. Propagation of this plant is usually done through seed or vegetative methods.
Propagation through Seed
Propagating Paspalum urvillei Steud. through seed is a straightforward process. Collect seeds from mature plants in the late summer or early fall. Seeds should be allowed to dry and then stored in a cool, dry place until planting. Plant seeds in the early spring, about ¼ inch deep in well-draining soil. Keep the soil moist until the plants are established, which usually takes around three to four weeks.
Propagation through Vegetative Methods
Paspalum urvillei Steud. can also be propagated through vegetative methods. This is done by dividing mature plants or taking stem cuttings. Division should be done in the early spring when the plant is starting to grow. Dig up the clump of grass and carefully separate it into smaller sections. Replant the sections in well-draining soil. For stem cuttings, choose a mature stem and cut it into 6-8 inch sections, making sure each section has at least one node. Plant the cuttings in well-draining soil and keep the soil moist until the plants are established.
Disease Management:
Paspalum urvillei Steud. is susceptible to a few common fungal diseases such as brown patch, dollar spot, and Pythium root rot. Brown patch is characterized by large, circular patches with brownish color in the center and yellowing on the outside. Dollar spot is identified by small, white spotted patches that eventually turn light tan in color. Pythium root rot is marked by slow growth, yellowing, wilting, and death of the plant.
The best way to manage these diseases is to maintain proper cultural practices like mowing, fertilizing, and watering. Reduce the amount of nitrogen fertilizer, improve soil drainage, and increase light and air around the plant to prevent fungal spores from germinating and spreading. Fungicides can be utilized to control severe outbreaks of Pythium root rot and brown patch.
Pest Management:
Paspalum urvillei Steud. can be damaged by various pests like armyworms, cutworms, and white grubs. Armyworms and cutworms are the most common pests and can cause considerable damage to the grass by feeding on the leaves at night. White grubs feed on the roots of the plant, causing wilting and stunted growth.
Integrated pest management is the best way to manage these pests. Proper mowing, watering, and fertilizing can keep the plant healthy and reduce the susceptibility of the plant to these pests. Use physical barriers like mesh or covers to prevent pests from entering the area. Pesticides can be utilized as a last resort if the infestation has become uncontrollable.
