Overview
Paspalum commersonii Lam. is a plant species belonging to the Poaceae family. This plant is native to South America but can also be found in other regions with tropical and subtropical climates.
Common Names
Paspalum commersonii is commonly known as "Thinawn Grass" or "Argentina Bahiagrass". In Brazil, it is called "pangola grass".
Appearance
Paspalum commersonii is a perennial grass that can grow up to 1 m tall with a prostrate growth habit. The leaves of this plant are flat and narrow, measuring about 15 to 30 cm long and 5 to 8 mm wide. The inflorescence is a raceme with numerous spikelets that are flattened and lanceolate in shape. The plant's roots are fibrous and can grow up to 2 m deep, making it resistant to drought.
Uses
Paspalum commersonii is commonly used as forage for grazing animals such as cattle and horses. It is also grown as a turfgrass in areas with warm climates. The plant's deep root system makes it highly resistant to drought, which makes it suitable for dry regions. In traditional medicine, Paspalum commersonii has been used to treat various ailments such as fever, diarrhea, and respiratory problems.
Light Requirements
Paspalum commersonii Lam. requires full sunlight for optimal growth and development. It can tolerate partial shade, but prolonged shade can result in reduced growth and flowering.
Temperature Requirements
Paspalum commersonii Lam. grows best in warm and humid conditions with temperatures ranging from 20-30°C. It can tolerate temperatures as low as 10°C but prolonged exposure to temperatures below 5°C can cause damage to the plant.
Soil Requirements
This plant prefers well-drained soils that are fertile and rich in organic matter. It can tolerate a wide range of soils including sandy, loamy, and clayey soils. The ideal soil pH ranges from 5.5 to 7.5. However, it can tolerate more acidic soil conditions with a pH as low as 4.5.
It is important to note that excessive moisture can lead to root rot, so soil drainage should be adequate for proper growth and development.
Cultivation Methods for Paspalum commersonii Lam.
The Paspalum commersonii Lam. is a warm-season grass that is best propagated through seeding. The seeds should be sown on a level, moist soil in the spring just as the soil begins to warm up. The planting depth should be about 1/4 inch. The spacing between plants should be about 1 foot apart.
Watering Needs for Paspalum commersonii Lam.
Paspalum commersonii Lam. requires moderate watering. It is essential to water the plants well during the establishment period. Once established, the plant can tolerate drought conditions for extended periods.
Fertilization of Paspalum commersonii Lam.
Paspalum commersonii Lam. requires regular fertilization for optimal growth. Apply a balanced fertilizer, such as 15-15-15, during the growing season. Follow the manufacturer's instructions for application rates and frequency. It is best to fertilize the plant after a rain or after watering to prevent the fertilizer from burning the plant's roots.
Pruning of Paspalum commersonii Lam.
Paspalum commersonii Lam. does not require frequent pruning. However, the grass can be mowed to a height of 3 to 6 inches to encourage thick growth and to remove old growth. Avoid mowing the grass too short as the plant requires some leaf surface to photosynthesize and grow healthily.
Propagation of Paspalum commersonii Lam.
Paspalum commersonii Lam. can be propagated through its seeds, rhizomes, and cuttings.
Propagation through Seeds
Seeds of Paspalum commersonii Lam. can be collected from mature plants and then sown in well-prepared soil. The seeds should be sown at a depth of 1-2 cm and kept moist until germination. Germination usually occurs within 14-21 days.
Propagation through Rhizomes
Paspalum commersonii Lam. produces underground rhizomes which can be dug up, divided, and transplanted to a new location. The best time for rhizome division is in early spring, just before new growth appears. Each divided rhizome should have at least one active bud to ensure successful growth.
Propagation through Cuttings
Paspalum commersonii Lam. can also be propagated through stem cuttings. Select a healthy stem and make a clean cut about 10 cm from the growing tip. Remove all leaves except for the top two or three and plant the cutting in well-draining soil with good moisture retention. Keep the soil moist and the cutting in a shady area until it establishes roots and new growth appears.
Disease Management
Paspalum commersonii Lam. is vulnerable to various diseases that can affect its growth and development. The most common diseases that affect this plant include leaf spot, stem rot, and rust. These diseases can be controlled by taking preventive measures like planting resistant cultivars, planting in well-drained soils, and practicing crop rotation. To control the diseases, remove and destroy the infected plant parts regularly and use appropriate fungicides.
Pest Management
Pests are a significant threat to Paspalum commersonii Lam. and can cause significant damage to the plants. Common pests that affect this plant include armyworms, cutworms, and mites. To manage these pests, use preventive measures like planting in well-drained soils and avoiding overcrowding of plants. You can also use insecticides and miticides to control these pests. However, use these chemicals as instructed and ensure that they are environment-friendly.
