Overview
Paspalum commersonii Lam. is a species of lawn grass native to South America. It is commonly known as biscuit grass, buffelgrass, and dallisgrass.
Appearance
Paspalum commersonii Lam. is a perennial grass that can reach heights of up to 120 cm. It has flat, broad leaves that are green or blue-gray in color. The inflorescence is a panicle that can be up to 30 cm long and contains numerous spikelets.
Uses
Paspalum commersonii Lam. is commonly used as a lawn grass, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions. It is known for its drought tolerance and ability to thrive in poor soils. It is also used for erosion control and as a forage grass for livestock.
Light Requirements
The plant Paspalum commersonii Lam. requires full sunlight exposure to thrive. It grows best in open fields or areas with little to no shade. When grown in shaded areas, the plant becomes leggy and weak, with stunted growth and reduced productivity.
Temperature Requirements
The minimum temperature required for the growth of Paspalum commersonii Lam. is around 15°C. The ideal temperature range for its growth is between 20-30°C. Temperatures above 35°C can cause heat stress and can affect the growth and development of the plant, resulting in reduced productivity.
Soil Requirements
Paspalum commersonii Lam. grows well in a range of soil types, including sandy loam, loam, and clay soils. The ideal soil pH range is between 5.5-7.5. The soil should be well-drained and rich in organic matter. Adequate soil moisture is crucial for the proper growth and development of the plant. Poorly drained, compacted, or water-logged soils can lead to root rot, which can be detrimental to the plant's health.
Cultivation methods
Paspalum commersonii, also known as Bahia grass, is a low-growing perennial that thrives in warm and humid conditions. It prefers well-draining soils and full sun exposure. Propagation can be done from seeds or vegetatively through planting of runners.
Watering needs
Watering frequency for Paspalum commersonii depends on the soil type and weather conditions. Generally, it needs to be watered two to three times a week, especially during dry and hot periods. Proper irrigation is essential to mitigate weed infestations, disease outbreaks and pests.
Fertilization
For optimal growth and health, Paspalum commersonii requires a balanced fertilizer that contains the necessary nutrients. The fertilizer application should be made during the growing season and twice a year. Too much fertilizer can result in excessive shoot growth and shallow rooting, leading to a weak plant structure.
Pruning
Regular pruning is essential to maintain the desired height and structure of Paspalum commersonii. It is recommended to mow the grass every 7-14 days during the growing season. When mowing, leave about 2-3 inches of the grass height to promote healthy growth. However, avoid mowing when the grass is wet to prevent disease spread.
Propagation Methods for Paspalum commersonii Lam.
Paspalum commersonii Lam. is commonly known as a type of grass that grows in warm climates, especially in South America. The plant can be propagated using multiple methods, including division, seed, and vegetative propagation.
Division Propagation
Division is the most common method of propagating Paspalum commersonii Lam. This process involves separating a mature plant into two or more smaller sections, making sure that each section has its roots system. The plant's stolons are used to propagate new plants, and division is best done when the plant is in its dormant phase and has stopped growing.
Seed Propagation
Seed propagation is another viable method of propagating Paspalum commersonii Lam., although it is not commonly used due to the low germination rate of the seeds. The seeds should be planted in a well-draining soil, and germination can take several weeks or even months. Young seedlings should be kept in a warm and moist environment until they are mature enough to be transplanted into their final location.
Vegetative Propagation
Vegetative propagation is a method of propagation where a small piece of the plant is used to cultivate a new plant. This method is most commonly used with Paspalum commersonii Lam. by using either rhizomes or stolons. Rhizomes are underground stems that can develop roots and shoots, while stolons are horizontal stems that run above the ground. Both rhizomes and stolons can detach from the parent plant and develop into new, independent plants.
Disease and Pest Management for Paspalum commersonii Lam.
Paspalum commersonii Lam. is a perennial grass species that is native to South America. Despite its hardy nature, it is susceptible to several diseases and pests that can affect its growth and yield. It is crucial to manage these diseases and pests to ensure the health and productivity of Paspalum commersonii Lam. crops.
Common diseases
1. Leaf and stem rust: Leaf and stem rust are fungal diseases that affect the leaves and stems of Paspalum commersonii Lam. crops. These diseases are characterized by the appearance of small brown spots on the foliage, which can eventually lead to leaf and stem death.
Management: To manage leaf and stem rust, fungicides can be used. These fungicides should be applied as a preventive measure at the beginning of the growing season and should be reapplied as needed.
2. Gray leaf spot: Gray leaf spot is a fungal disease that affects Paspalum commersonii Lam. crops. This disease is characterized by the appearance of gray or tan spots on the leaves, which can eventually lead to leaf death.
Management: To manage gray leaf spot, it is essential to maintain good crop hygiene. This can be done by removing infected leaves and avoiding excessive irrigation. Fungicides can also be used to manage gray leaf spot.
Common pests
1. Armyworms: Armyworms are common pests that affect Paspalum commersonii Lam. crops. These pests are known to cause significant damage to the leaves and stems of the plant.
Management: To manage armyworms, it is essential to monitor the crop regularly. If the presence of armyworms is detected, insecticides can be used to control them. Cultural practices such as crop rotation and destruction of crop residue also help in reducing armyworm infestation.
2. Cutworms: Cutworms are another pest that can affect Paspalum commersonii Lam. crops. These pests are known to cause damage to the roots and stems of the plant.
Management: To manage cutworms, it is essential to practice good crop hygiene. This can be done by removing crop residue and avoiding over-irrigation. Insecticides can also be used to manage cutworm infestations.
