Origin
Paspalum barbatum Schumach. is a species of the grass family Poaceae. It is native to Africa, but is now distributed widely in tropical and subtropical regions of the world including South America, North America, Asia, and Australia.
Common Names
The plant is commonly known as bearded paspalum, water couch, knotgrass, or tickle grass.
Uses
Paspalum barbatum Schumach. is commonly used as a forage grass for livestock and can also be used for erosion control. It is known to have high nutritional value for grazing animals and can be grown as a crop in damp, marshy areas.
In traditional African medicine, the plant is used to treat various ailments such as malaria and skin disorders.
General Appearance
Paspalum barbatum Schumach. typically grows up to 80cm tall, with flat green leaves that measure between 2-10cm in length. The plant produces spikes of small flowers that are green or purple in color. The stem of the plant is typically prostrate or ascending, forming a dense mat of vegetation that can help prevent soil erosion.
Growth Conditions for Paspalum barbatum Schumach.
Paspalum barbatum Schumach. is a warm-season, perennial grass that is native to Africa and widely distributed throughout tropical and subtropical regions of the world. It is a highly adaptable grass that can grow in a wide range of soil types and moisture conditions, although it prefers well-drained sites with moderate moisture levels.
Light Requirements
Paspalum barbatum Schumach. thrives in full sun, although it tolerates some shade. In areas with intense heat, partial shade is desirable to prevent stress. When cultivated in shaded areas, the plant tends to grow taller and has fewer tillers than in full sunlight.
Temperature Requirements
This grass species prefers warm temperatures and does not tolerate frost or prolonged cold temperatures. The optimum temperature range for growth and development is between 25 and 35°C, with little growth occurring below 15°C or above 40°C.
Soil Requirements
Paspalum barbatum Schumach. has low nutrient and moisture requirements but prefers neutral to slightly acidic soils with a pH range of 5.5 to 7.5. It grows well in a wide range of soil types such as sandy, loamy, and clay soils. However, the soil must be well-draining as standing water can drown or damage the plants. The use of organic matter for soil amendments can improve soil fertility and water-holding capacity.
Overall, providing proper lighting, temperature, and soil conditions can promote the healthy growth and development of Paspalum barbatum Schumach.
Cultivation Methods
Paspalum barbatum Schumach., commonly known as hairy flowered Paspalum, is a warm-season perennial grass that thrives in full sun to partial shade. It grows well in various soil types, including sandy, loamy, and clay soils. The plant requires a pH of 6.0 to 7.5 to grow optimally. Planting should be done during the rainy season when there is enough moisture in the soil to support root development.
Watering Needs
After planting, the first few weeks are crucial in ensuring the development of a healthy root system. The plant requires adequate moisture during this period, and thus, frequent watering should be done. Once established, Paspalum barbatum Schumach. requires moderate watering during the growing season, with average weekly water requirements ranging from 1 to 1.5 inches per week, depending on the soil's moisture-holding capacity and climate conditions. Ensure proper drainage to avoid waterlogged soil, which can lead to root rot.
Fertilization
The plant's nutrient requirements vary depending on soil type and growth stage. Before planting, perform a soil test to determine the soil's nutrient levels and adjust accordingly. Apply balanced fertilizers with an NPK ratio of 16-4-8 or 10-10-10 at a rate of 3 to 4 pounds per 1,000 square feet of planting area. Fertilization can be done twice a year during the growing season, in early spring and late summer.
Pruning
Paspalum barbatum Schumach. does not require regular pruning unless it becomes necessary. However, if overgrown or scraggly, pruning can be done in early spring to promote new growth. Cut the grass to a height of 2 to 3 inches using a sharp pair of shears or a lawnmower. Avoid cutting the grass too short, as this can damage the plant and expose it to pests and diseases.
Propagation of Paspalum barbatum Schumach.
Paspalum barbatum Schumach. can be propagated through various methods like:
Seeds
Seeds are the most common method of propagation for Paspalum barbatum Schumach. The seeds should be collected from mature plants and stored in a cool and dry place until needed. Sowing should be done in well-draining soil that is moist but not waterlogged. Germination can take up to two weeks, and the seedlings should be watered regularly.
Divisions
Paspalum barbatum Schumach. can be propagated through division, in which a portion of the plant is separated from the parent plant and transplanted to a new location. This method is best done in spring or early summer, when the plant is actively growing. The plant should be lifted from the ground and carefully separated into sections with roots attached. The sections should be replanted in well-draining soil.
Cuttings
Paspalum barbatum Schumach. can also be propagated through stem cuttings. Cuttings should be taken from mature plants in late spring or early summer. The cuttings should be planted in well-draining soil and watered regularly. It is important to keep the soil moist but not waterlogged, as this can lead to fungal diseases.
Tissue Culture
Paspalum barbatum Schumach. can also be propagated through tissue culture, whereby small pieces of plant tissue are grown in a nutrient-rich gel. This method is more complex and requires specialized equipment and expertise, but allows for the production of large quantities of genetically identical plants.
Disease and Pest Management for Paspalum barbatum Schumach.
Paspalum barbatum Schumach. is known to be a resilient plant and has a minimal susceptibility to various diseases and pests. However, certain diseases and pests may still affect the plant. Hence, it is necessary to be aware of the common diseases and pests and their respective management techniques.
Common Diseases
Leaf Rust is a fungal disease that affects the leaves of Paspalum barbatum. It is recognizable by the presence of brownish-yellow spots on the leaves and rust-colored growth on the underside of the leaves. Effective management is achieved by removing the infected leaves and applying a fungicide to the plant. This should be done in the early morning or late afternoon when evaporation is minimal.
Leaf Spot is another fungal disease that affects Paspalum barbatum. It is characterized by the presence of brown, angular spots on the leaves. The management technique for leaf spot involves removing infected leaves and applying a fungicide to the plant as well.
Common Pests
Sod Webworm is an insect pest that causes serious damage to the turfgrass, including Paspalum barbatum. It is identified by the presence of small, grayish-brown moths that fly up in large numbers when the turfgrass is disturbed. Management techniques for Sod Webworm infestation includes using insecticides specifically designed for Sod Webworm. This should be applied in the early morning or late afternoon, as it is more effective when the larvae are actively feeding.
Chinch bugs are another insect pest responsible for destroying the turfgrass. They are identified by their tiny black and white-colored bodies and can easily be noticed by observing patches of grass that have turned yellow and eventually die. A way to manage Chinch bugs infestation is through the application of insecticides that are effective against it.
Conclusion
While Paspalum barbatum Schumach. is generally a resilient plant, certain diseases and pests may still affect it. Therefore, it is essential to monitor the plant regularly and apply the appropriate management techniques when necessary. Proper care and maintenance should always be observed to prevent disease and pest infestations from occurring.
