Overview
Parmelia subaurifera Nyl. is a type of lichen found in various regions around the world. With its striking appearance and unique characteristics, it is commonly used for decorative purposes as well as in traditional medicine.
Origin and Habitat
Parmelia subaurifera Nyl. is known to grow in many regions of the world, particularly in the Northern Hemisphere. It thrives in humid and moist environments, typically growing on the bark of trees in forests, on rocks, and on cliffs. This lichen can be found in a range of environments, from temperate regions to arctic tundras.
Common Names
Parmelia subaurifera Nyl. is known by several common names depending on the region. Some of the most common names include Hammered Shield Lichen, Golden Shield Lichen, and Golden Parmelia.
Appearance
The unique and striking appearance of Parmelia subaurifera Nyl. makes it easily recognizable. It features large, round lobes of a golden to dark green color, usually measuring between 3 to 8 cm in diameter. The edges of the lobes are typically curved and have a wavy appearance akin to the surface of a shield or hammer. The undersides of the lobes possess small brownish-gold hair-like structures known as rhizines.
Uses
Parmelia subaurifera Nyl. has a long history of use in traditional medicine. It has been used as a remedy for a range of ailments, such as digestive problems, infections, and skin conditions. Additionally, it is used for decorative purposes, particularly in the creation of terrariums and other indoor gardens. Its unique texture and appearance make it an eye-catching addition to any space.
Light Requirements
Parmelia subaurifera Nyl. is a lichen species that prefers growing in well-lit areas with filtered sunlight. It tolerates full sunlight, but too much direct exposure can cause damage to the thallus. Therefore, it is best to grow it in partially shaded areas, such as under a canopy of trees or on rocks and boulders that receive dappled sunlight.
Temperature Conditions
Parmelia subaurifera Nyl. is a cosmopolitan lichen species with a wide range of temperature tolerance. It grows optimally under cool and moist conditions, usually between 15-20°C. Although it can survive in warmer areas, it may become dormant during hot summers and resume growth when temperatures drop. Similarly, during winter, it can withstand freezing conditions but may grow slowly until the thawing of the substrate occurs.
Soil and Substrate Requirements
Parmelia subaurifera Nyl. is a foliose lichen species that grows best on mineral-rich substrates, such as rocks, boulders, soil, and tree bark. It prefers growing on substrates that are not acidic, with a neutral to slightly alkaline pH. Therefore, it avoids areas with high pollution levels, such as industrial areas and urban centers, where the air and soil are often acidic. It can tolerate a wide range of substrate conditions, including low nutrient levels and occasional drying out, but prefers consistently moist substrates.
Cultivation
Parmelia subaurifera Nyl. is a lichen species that grows naturally on trees, rocks, and other surfaces in humid, temperate to tropical environments. As such, it can be challenging to cultivate this plant outdoors in areas with harsh climates.
If you live in an area with a suitable climate, you can try growing Parmelia subaurifera Nyl. on a tree in your yard or a nearby park. Find a tree with a smooth bark surface, and attach a small piece of the lichen to it using a waterproof adhesive. Keep the lichen moist by spraying it with water several times a week, and protect it from direct sunlight. The lichen will grow and spread naturally over time if it's happy in its new environment.
Alternatively, you can try cultivating Parmelia subaurifera Nyl. indoors in a terrarium with high humidity. You can recreate a humid environment by covering the lichen with a clear glass dome and spraying it with water daily to keep it moist. Place the terrarium in a spot with bright, indirect sunlight, and monitor the lichen's growth.
Watering needs
Parmelia subaurifera Nyl. needs to be kept moist at all times to survive. If you're growing it outdoors, you may not need to water it regularly if it's in an area with high humidity. However, if you're growing it indoors or in a dry climate, you'll need to water it frequently to keep the moisture levels up. Spraying it with a misting bottle daily or every other day should be enough to keep it moist.
Fertilization
There is no need for fertilizer when growing Parmelia subaurifera Nyl. as it's a lichen and obtains nutrients from the air and substrate it's growing on. Any attempt to fertilize the lichen may harm or kill it.
Pruning
There is no need for pruning Parmelia subaurifera Nyl. It grows slowly and maintains a low profile. Trying to trim or shape it may damage it, and the process isn't necessary as the lichen will grow naturally over time. If you notice any dead or unhealthy parts of the lichen, you can remove them gently with a pair of sterile scissors or tweezers.
Propagation Methods of Parmelia subaurifera Nyl.
Parmelia subaurifera Nyl. is a lichen that grows abundantly in temperate and tropical areas. This plant is commonly found in damp environments such as the forest floor and wetlands. Propagation of Parmelia subaurifera can be done through two methods, which are:
Vegetative Propagation
Vegetative propagation is a process of producing a new plant from vegetative parts such as thallus fragments. Parmelia subaurifera can be propagated vegetatively through fragmentation of thallus. Thallus fragments can be collected from the parent plant and attached to another substrate, where they will eventually develop into new plants. This method ensures the genetic purity of propagated plants.
Sexual Propagation
Sexual propagation of Parmelia subaurifera occurs through the production of spores. These spores are produced in the apothecia, which are the fruiting bodies of the lichen. The spores are dispersed by wind and can settle on suitable substrates where they can germinate to form new plants. Sexual propagation results in genetic variation among propagated plants.
Disease Management
Plant diseases are among the top challenges that the Parmelia subaurifera Nyl. faces in their grow operations. Some of these diseases may cause serious harm to the plant and affect growth and output. Here are some of the most common plant diseases and how to manage them.
Fungal Diseases
Fungal diseases such as Anthracnose, rust, and powdery mildew can damage Parmelia subaurifera Nyl. One of the simplest ways to prevent fungal diseases is by planting the plant in well-drained soil and ensure the foliage stays dry. Also, use fungicides to manage the diseases. Use products with copper, sulfur, neem oil, or potassium bicarbonate to control fungal diseases.
Bacterial Diseases
Bacterial diseases such as Crown gall and bacterial wilt can be fatal to Parmelia subaurifera Nyl. As a preventive measure, reduce soil moisture, and maintain proper plant spacing to promote ventilation. Top dressing with manure or fertilizers may increase crop resistance. Using copper can be effective in the management of bacterial diseases.
Pest Management
Pests can also cause significant damage to Parmelia subaurifera Nyl. Both animal and insect pests can infest the plant, causing stunted growth, wilt, and even death. Here are some common pests and their management procedures.
Insects
Insects such as spider mites, aphids, whiteflies, and scales can damage the Parmelia subaurifera Nyl. Using insecticides that contain pyrethrum or neem oil can help in the management of insects.
Animals
Animals such as rabbits and deer can be a nuisance to Parmelia subaurifera Nyl. To manage this pest, provide physical barriers such as fencing or use repellents such as human hair or blood meal.
