Origin and Common Names
Parmelia negativa Gyelnik is a species of lichen that belongs to the family Parmeliaceae. It is commonly known as black-edges shield lichen or black-edged rim-lichen. The species is found in various regions around the world, including Africa, Asia, Europe, and North America.General Appearance
The thallus of Parmelia negativa Gyelnik is foliose and has a pale greenish-yellow color. The thallus can grow up to 10cm in diameter and has a lobed and irregular shape. The lichen has a gray-white underside that is smooth and lacks any noticeable structures. The upper surface of the thallus is divided into concentric rings of different colors and consists of a network of veins. The edges (margins) of the thallus are turned up and heavily reduced, appearing blackish-gray when dry. The black margins contain the reproductive structures of the lichen. The soredia, which are powdery reproductive structures, develop on the upper surface in the center of the thallus. The lichen also produces rhizines, which are specialized, root-like fungal structures attached to the undersurface of the thallus.Uses
Parmelia negativa Gyelnik is often used in traditional medicine as an ingredient in skincare products due to its antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. The lichen is also used as a natural dye in some regions, giving a range of colors from yellow to brown depending on the treatment used. In addition, the lichen is known to be an indicator of air quality, with high levels of pollution causing a decrease in its population and distribution.Light Requirements
As a lichen that grows on rocks or trees, Parmelia negativa typically prefers to be in a partially shaded or shaded environment. Direct sunlight can actually harm this plant, so it is best to place it under the cover of trees or provide some sort of shade cloth if grown indoors.
Temperature Requirements
Parmelia negativa is known to thrive in moderate to cool temperatures. Optimal temperatures for growth are between 5 and 20°C. The plant prefers a consistent temperature year-round and does not tolerate extreme temperature fluctuations.
Soil Requirements
Since Parmelia negativa is not a traditional plant, it does not have soil requirements. It does not require any special potting mix or fertilizer to grow. Instead, it obtains its nutrients from the surrounding air. This is why it is often found growing on rocks or trees in places with high humidity and clean air.
Cultivation Methods for Parmelia Negativa Gyelnik
Parmelia negativa Gyelnik thrives in regions with mild to cool temperatures. It can grow on various surfaces, including rocks, trees, and soil, and is found naturally in both sunny and shady areas. To cultivate Parmelia negativa Gyelnik, start by identifying a suitable place, such as a terrace garden, a shaded balcony, or even a window sill, where the plant can receive some sunlight and natural light.
Next, obtain some starter Parmelia negativa Gyelnik either by obtaining a pre-grown portion or harvesting it from the wild. Ensure that you acquire enough to cover the area you wish to cultivate, as the lichen tends to cling together and grow in clusters. Note that it's essential to avoid harvesting it from environments with heavy air pollution.
Once you have the Parmelia negativa Gyelnik, find a substrate for it to grow on, which can include smooth stones or tree branches. Place the pieces of Parmelia negativa Gyelnik on the substrate and wait for it to take root. It's worth noting that it can take time for the Parmelia negativa Gyelnik to establish; as such, it's essential to demonstrate patience throughout the cultivation process.
Watering Needs for Parmelia Negativa Gyelnik
Parmelia negativa Gyelnik requires minimal watering, and in most cases, natural rainwater will be sufficient to keep the plant hydrated. In areas with little to no rainfall, use a mild mist spray to coat the surface of the lichen and substrate. Avoid over-saturating the plant as this can harm it.
Fertilizing Parmelia Negativa Gyelnik
Parmelia negativa Gyelnik does not require any fertilization, and attempting to feed it could result in negative effects. While some gardeners may be tempted to make the substrate richer with added nutrients, it is essential to resist this temptation as the plant usually grows in mineral-scarce environments.
Pruning Parmelia Negativa Gyelnik
Parmelia negativa Gyelnik does not require pruning since it does not have any stems, and it grows at a slow pace naturally. You only need to clear some growth debris or environmental debris that may collect around it to provide a tidy appearance. Additionally, avoid stepping on the Parmelia negativa Gyelnik since that could crush it or cause it to come unstuck from its substrate.
Propagation Methods for Parmelia negativa Gyelnik
Propagation of Parmelia negativa Gyelnik, also known as the Feather Lichen, occurs through fragmentation and vegetative reproduction.
Fragmentation: This method occurs due to physical damages to the plant caused by environmental factors such as wind, fire, or animal activity. The broken fragments of the plant scattered over an area can further develop into new individuals if the conditions of light, humidity, and substrate are adequate.
Vegetative reproduction: This method occurs by the propagation of specialized tissues of a parent plant to produce new individuals. In Parmelia negativa Gyelnik, this can be achieved through asexual reproduction that involves the formation of specialized reproductive structures called soredia. These soredia are powdery vegetative propagules that detach from the parent plant and disperse on the wind. If they land in suitable conditions, they can develop into new individuals that are genetically identical to the parent plant.
The propagation methods of Parmelia negativa Gyelnik are key to its survival in natural ecosystems, as they enable the production of new individuals and ensure genetic diversity for adaptation to changing environments.
Disease and Pest Management for Parmelia Negativa Gyelnik
Parmelia negativa Gyelnik, commonly known as Hammered Shield Lichen, is a type of lichen that can grow on rocks, trees, and soil. The plant is susceptible to several diseases and pests that can harm its growth and appearance. Therefore, effective management techniques are essential in preventing, controlling, and eradicating infestations.
Common Diseases that Affect Parmelia Negativa Gyelniks
Lichens are usually disease-resistant due to their symbiotic nature. Still, under unfavorable conditions, the plant can be affected by several diseases that can reduce its vigor. The common diseases affecting the Parmelia Negativa Gyelnik include:
- Black fungus: This disease appears as black spots or patches on the plant, causing it to lose its vibrant green color. It can be caused by excessive moisture and poor air circulation. To manage this disease, increase air circulation around the plant, avoid overwatering, and ensure adequate drainage.
- Lichen spot disease: This disease is caused by the fungus Strigula, which results in small depressions on the plant's surface. To manage this disease, remove affected leaves and stems and avoid overcrowding the plant.
- Bacterial leaf spot: This disease is caused by the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae and results in small water-soaked spots on the plant. To control it, remove affected plant parts and apply copper fungicides.
Common Pests that Affect Parmelia Negativa Gyelniks
Furthermore, Parmelia Negativa Gyelnik can also be infested by several pests that can damage or kill the plant if left uncontrolled. The common pests that attack Parmelia Negativa Gyelnik include:
- Scale insects: These insects feed on the plant sap and cause distorted and yellowing of leaves, which can eventually lead to the plant's death. To control them, wipe the affected parts with a soft, soapy cloth regularly or apply horticultural oil.
- Mealybugs: Mealybugs cause loss of vigour, stunted growth, and yellowing of leaves. They can be controlled through regular wiping of affected parts with a soapy cloth or applying horticultural oil.
- Snails and slugs: These pests can cause significant damage to the plant by feeding on its leaves and stem. To control them, manually pick them out and remove them from the plant or use iron phosphate baits.
Effective disease and pest management for Parmelia Negativa Gyelnik involves a combination of practices such as appropriate watering, providing adequate air circulation, removing infected plant parts, and applying the right pesticides or fungicides. With proper care, Parmelia Negativa Gyelnik can thrive and remain beautiful for many years.
