Overview:
Panicum makarikariense (Goos.) Van Rensb. is a resilient grass species native to Southern Africa, particularly the arid regions of Namibia and South Africa. It is known for its exceptional drought tolerance and is a crucial component of grasslands and savannas in these regions.
Appearance:
Panicum makarikariense is a perennial grass that grows up to 1.5 meters tall. It has deep green, narrow leaves and a dense, bushy appearance. The plant produces attractive inflorescences that are a greenish-yellow color and appear in late summer to early autumn.
Common Names:
Panicum makarikariense is commonly known as Namib Panic Grass or simply Panic Grass. It also goes by other local names such as "omakari" in Namibia.
Uses:
Panicum makarikariense is an important forage plant for livestock in areas of Southern Africa affected by drought. It is also used for soil stabilization, erosion control, and ornamental landscaping. In addition, the plant has potential for use in biofuel production due to its high cellulose content and ability to tolerate harsh growing conditions.
Light Requirements
Panicum makarikariense prefers bright, indirect light. In fact, it requires at least six hours of sunlight per day to grow properly. The plant can tolerate some shade during the day, but extended periods of darkness can lead to stunted growth and poor plant health.
Temperature Requirements
This plant can thrive in a variety of temperatures, but it grows best in warm to hot conditions. The ideal temperature range for Panicum makarikariense is between 65°F to 85°F (18°C to 29°C). Exposure to temperatures below 50°F (10°C) can damage or even kill the plant. Therefore, this plant is not suitable for growing in regions with cold climates.
Soil Requirements
Panicum makarikariense grows well in a variety of soil types, but it prefers well-draining soils that are rich in organic matter. The ideal soil pH range for the plant is between 6.0 and 7.5. This plant can also tolerate moderately saline soils with a salt content of up to 8 millimhos/cm. However, it cannot tolerate very salty soils with a salt content of over 8 millimhos/cm.
Cultivation
Panicum makarikariense is a hardy plant that thrives in full sun conditions. The plant can be grown in a wide range of soils, ranging from sandy to clay soils, as long as it is adequately drained. It is recommended to plant the grass during the spring or early summer months when the soil is warm and moist. When planting, the seeds should be sowed 1-2 inches deep and should be spaced about 6-8 inches apart.
Watering Needs
The plant is drought-tolerant and requires minimal water once established. However, it is recommended to water the grass thoroughly during its early stage of growth to ensure that the roots are well established. Once the roots are deep enough, the plant requires watering only during periods of extended drought.
Fertilization
Panicum makarikariense does not require a significant amount of fertilizers to thrive. However, it benefits from occasional applications of balanced fertilizers during the growing season. The fertilizers should be applied at a rate of about one pound per 100 square feet of area and should be watered in after application.
Pruning
Panicum makarikariense does not require pruning if left to grow naturally. However, if you prefer a more manicured look, you can prune the grass to a height of about 4-6 inches during the early spring. This will help to remove dead foliage and promote healthy growth during the growing season.
Propagating Panicum makarikariense (Goos.) Van Rensb.
Panicum makarikariense (Goos.) Van Rensb. is a perennial grass that is popularly used as landscaping and ornamental plants. Propagating Panicum makarikariense can be done using different methods including division, seeds, and stem cuttings.
Propagation by Division
Propagation of Panicum makarikariense through division is an easy method and allows for the development of mature plant during the first growing season. The best time to divide Panicum makarikariense is in the early spring when it is just starting to produce new foliage. To divide the plant, dig around the base and lift it from the ground. Then, shake or wash the soil root and cut the plant into smaller sections each having at least one clump of roots and shoots. Replant the sections with good soil. Keep them moist but not waterlogged for about three weeks until new growth emerges.
Propagation by Seeds
Propagation of Panicum makarikariense by seeds is a viable method, but it can be challenging. Seeds from the plant are very small and have low germination rates. To propagate by seeds, sow the seeds in a seedling tray filled with damp soil mix in autumn or early spring while keeping them in a well-lit area. Cover the tray with plastic wrap and water periodically to keep the soil moist. When the seedlings have grown to the second or third leaf, transplant them to a larger seedling container or directly in the ground.
Propagation by Stem Cuttings
Propagation of Panicum makarikariense by stem cutting is an easy method. Take cuttings from the grass either in the spring or early summer. Cut the stem of the plant at an angle of 45 degrees, and make sure that the cutting is at least four inches long and has leaves. Dip the cuttings in rooting hormone and plant them in soil mix or wet sand. Keep the soil moist and cover the container with a clear plastic bag to keep it humid. Once the plant has developed roots, transplant it to a larger container or directly in the ground.
Disease and Pest Management for Panicum makarikariense
Panicum makarikariense is a resilient plant variety, but it is still susceptible to diseases and pests that can harm its growth and yield. Proper disease and pest management practices can help prevent or minimize their impact on the plant.
Common Diseases
Some common diseases that may affect Panicum makarikariense plants include fungal infections such as rust and leaf spot. Rust appears as small, reddish-brown spots on the leaves, while leaf spot causes brown, circular lesions. Both diseases can lead to defoliation and stunted growth.
To manage these diseases, it is essential to maintain proper plant hygiene by regularly removing and disposing of infected plant parts. Fungicides may also be used to treat the plants, but their application should be done according to manufacturer instructions.
Common Pests
Pests that can affect Panicum makarikariense include the fall armyworm, which is a common pest that feeds on the leaves of the plant, causing defoliation. Another pest is the sugarcane aphid, which sucks the sap of the plant, causing yellowing of the leaves and stunted growth.
To manage these pests, it is important to regularly monitor the plants for signs of infestation. Insecticides may be used to control the pests, but careful and judicious use must be practiced to avoid harming the beneficial insects that help pollinate the plant.
Preventive Measures
The best way to manage diseases and pests on Panicum makarikariense is through preventive measures. These include maintaining good soil health by regularly fertilizing and adding organic matter, and avoiding overwatering.
The use of disease-resistant plant varieties and crop rotation can also help prevent the occurrence of diseases and pests. Finally, regular scouting and maintenance practices, such as pruning and weeding, can help keep the plant healthy and thriving.
