Overview of Pachylobus macrophyllus
Pachylobus macrophyllus (Oliv.) Engl. is a flowering plant that belongs to the family Fabaceae. The plant is native to Africa, specifically Angola and Namibia, and is commonly known as the "African teak" or "zebra wood". The tree is an evergreen tree that can grow up to 30 meters tall and has a straight trunk with a diameter of up to 50cm. The tree produces a dense crown of leaves that allows it to adapt to a wide range of climatic conditions.
General Appearance
Pachylobus macrophyllus is a large, evergreen tree with a straight trunk and a dense crown of leaves. The trunk is circular, smooth, and can have a diameter of up to 50cm. The leaves of the tree are large, with a length of up to 30cm and a width of up to 20cm. The leaves are elliptical in shape, with a dark green upper surface and a pale green lower surface. The tree produces attractive, fragrant, creamy-white flowers that are followed by large pods that contain the seeds.
Uses
The wood of Pachylobus macrophyllus is highly valued for its durability, strength, and resistance to rot and termites. The wood is commonly used for furniture making, flooring, and construction. In traditional African medicine, the bark and leaves of Pachylobus macrophyllus are used to treat a variety of ailments, including fever, wounds, and digestive disorders. Additionally, the tree is used in reforestation programs due to its fast growth rate, hardiness, and ability to adapt to a wide range of climatic conditions.
Conclusion
Pachylobus macrophyllus is a large, evergreen tree that is native to Africa. The tree is commonly known as the "African teak" or "zebra wood" and is highly valued for its durable and strong wood. Additionally, the tree has many traditional medicinal uses and is used in reforestation programs.
Light Requirements:
Pachylobus macrophyllus (Oliv.) Engl. prefers bright, indirect light. It can tolerate some direct sun but excessive exposure can lead to leaf burn. In low light conditions, the growth rate may slow down, and the plant may become leggy.
Temperature Requirements:
Optimal temperature for Pachylobus macrophyllus (Oliv.) Engl. is between 18°C-25°C. It can tolerate temperatures between 12°C-30°C. Cold drafts and sudden temperature changes can be detrimental to the plant's growth. Avoid placing the plant near air conditioning units, cold windows, and heating vents.
Soil Requirements:
Pachylobus macrophyllus (Oliv.) Engl. grows well in well-draining soil that is rich in organic matter. A mixture of peat moss, perlite, and sand can provide an ideal growing medium. The soil pH should be slightly acidic to neutral, around 6.0-7.0. Overwatering can lead to root rot, so it is important to allow the soil to dry out between waterings.
Cultivation methods
Pachylobus macrophyllus plants can be grown outdoors in a suitable climate or indoors in containers. They prefer a warm and humid environment with temperatures of 65-75°F during the day and 60-65°F at night.
The plant prefers well-drained soil and a location with partial shade to full sunlight. It is important to protect the plant from wind and cold temperatures as it can damage the leaves and stem.
Watering needs
Pachylobus macrophyllus prefers consistent watering, and the soil should be kept moderately moist but not waterlogged. During the growing season, they require more water, especially during hot and dry weather. In winter, the watering frequency can be reduced as the plant becomes semi-dormant.
Fertilization
The plant requires regular fertilization during the growing season. It is recommended to use a balanced, slow-release fertilizer designed for woody plants. The fertilizer should be applied according to the manufacturer's instructions. Over-fertilization can cause damage to the roots and leaves of the plant.
Pruning
Pachylobus macrophyllus requires little pruning, but it can be trimmed to maintain its shape and size. The pruning can be done in late winter or early spring before the plant begins to grow. It is important to remove any dead or damaged branches and leaves. Pruning can be done by using clean and sharp pruners to prevent damaging the plant.
Propagation of Pachylobus macrophyllus
Pachylobus macrophyllus can be propagated from seeds and stem cuttings.
Propagation by seeds
Seeds of Pachylobus macrophyllus are collected from the ripe fruits that turn brown and split open. The seeds are then removed and sown in a well-draining potting mix. The seeds are covered lightly with the soil and kept moist but not waterlogged. The pot is placed in a warm and bright location, and germination occurs in 3-4 weeks.
Propagation by stem cuttings
Stem cuttings are taken from healthy and mature plants of Pachylobus macrophyllus during the active growth period. The cuttings are about 15 cm long and taken from the semi-hardwood growth of the plant. The leaves on the lower half of the cutting are removed, and the remaining leaves are pruned to reduce water loss. The cuttings are then dipped in a rooting hormone and inserted into a well-draining potting mix. The pot is covered with a clear plastic bag to maintain humidity, and the stem cuttings are kept warm and bright. The roots develop in 4-6 weeks, and the plastic bag is removed as the plant grows.
Disease Management
Pachylobus macrophyllus is susceptible to various fungal and bacterial diseases. The most common diseases affecting this plant include:
- Leaf Spot - caused by fungi, leaf spots appear as small brown/black spots on the leaves. They can cause severe defoliation if not managed promptly.
- Anthracnose - also caused by a fungus, anthracnose causes the leaves to yellow and drop prematurely. The stems and twigs may also show signs of cankers.
- Bacterial Blight - this disease causes wilting, leaf spots, and blight on the branches of the plant. It can be difficult to control.
To manage these diseases, ensure that you maintain good cultural practices such as removing dead plant material and providing proper drainage. Additionally, you can use fungicides and bactericides, but it is important to use them correctly to avoid damaging the plant.
Pest Management
Pachylobus macrophyllus is not generally affected by pests, but it can occasionally be attacked by:
- Mites - these pests cause blister-like spots on the leaves and can cause severe defoliation if not controlled.
- Scale insects - these insects suck plant sap and cause stunted growth and yellowing of the leaves. They secrete honeydew that attracts ants and encourages the growth of black sooty mold.
- Caterpillars - caterpillars can defoliate a plant if not managed correctly. They are usually easy to spot and can be picked off by hand or treated with insecticides.
To manage these pests, it is essential to maintain good cultural practices such as cleaning up plant debris and removing infested plant material. Using natural predators of the pests, such as ladybugs and lacewings, can also be an effective control method. Insecticides can be used but may harm beneficial insects, so use them sparingly and carefully.
