Overview
Pachyelasma tessmannii (Harms) Harms, also known as Red Dacryodes, is a tree species from the family Burseraceae. This plant species is native to the dense forests of Central Africa and is widely distributed across a geographical range that includes Cameroon, Gabon, and Congo.Appearance
Pachyelasma tessmannii is a small evergreen tree that grows up to a height of 15-20 meters. The tree bark is dark brown or black in color, and the leaves are compound, with 3-6 leaflets that are glossy green on the upper surface and paler beneath. The tree bears small greenish-white flowers that appear in clusters. The fruits are spherical and are about 2-3 cm in diameter. The fruit is initially green but turns red as it ripens.Common Names
Pachyelasma tessmannii has a number of common names depending on the region and the local dialects. Some of the common names include Red Dacryodes, Mbunja, Gome, and Nzamba.Uses
Pachyelasma tessmannii has numerous uses, both traditional and modern. The fruits are edible, and they are consumed fresh or processed into jams, jelly, or juice. The fruits are also used for medicinal purposes to treat stomachache, fever, and diarrhea. The tree bark is used to make a decoction that is used to treat heart and liver diseases. The leaves, bark, and roots are also used in traditional medicine for a range of ailments. Pachyelasma tessmannii wood is hard and durable and is used in the construction of houses, furniture, and boats. In summary, Pachyelasma tessmannii is a valuable plant species that has numerous uses in different sectors such as medicine, food, and construction. Its beautiful appearance also makes it an ornamental tree that is commonly grown in gardens and parks.Light Requirements:
Pachyelasma tessmannii requires bright indirect light, but direct sunlight should be avoided as it can damage the foliage. A location near a window that receives bright, filtered light is ideal. Inadequate light can cause the leaves to become pale and weak.
Temperature Requirements:
Pachyelasma tessmannii grows well in temperatures between 60-75°F (15-24°C). Sudden changes in temperature, such as drafty areas, can cause stress to the plant and may cause the leaves to drop. Avoid placing the plant near vents or doors that may cause temperature fluctuations.
Soil Requirements:
Pachyelasma tessmannii grows well in well-draining soil that is slightly acidic with a pH between 5.5-6.5. A commercially available potting mix designed for houseplants can be used. The addition of sand or perlite to the potting mix can improve drainage. Avoid using heavy garden soil as it can cause water-logging and root rot.
Cultivation
Pachyelasma tessmannii is a tropical plant that prefers a warm and humid environment. It can be grown indoors or outdoors in areas that have a warm climate all year round. The plant prefers a well-draining soil that is rich in nutrients. It thrives in shaded or partially shaded areas and needs protection from direct sunlight.
Watering
Pachyelasma tessmannii needs regular watering to keep the soil moist. However, it is important not to overwater the plant, as this can cause root rot. The best way to water the plant is to wait for the soil to dry out slightly between watering sessions. During the growing season, which is usually from spring to fall, the plant requires more frequent watering compared to the dormant season.
Fertilization
It is important to fertilize Pachyelasma tessmannii regularly to provide it with the necessary nutrients for growth and development. A balanced fertilizer that contains equal amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium is ideal. Fertilization should be done during the growing season, every 2 to 3 weeks.
Pruning
Pachyelasma tessmannii requires minimal pruning. However, it is important to remove dead or wilted leaves as soon as possible to prevent the spread of disease. If the plant becomes too leggy, it can be pruned back to the desired size and shape. Pruning is best done during the dormant season when the plant is not actively growing.
Propagation of Pachyelasma tessmannii (Harms) Harms
Pachyelasma tessmannii (Harms) Harms is a shrub that is native to Africa. It is commonly known as the "African wild coffee" due to its leaves resembling that of coffee plants. In its natural habitat, it propagates via seeds, cuttings, and layering.
Propagation via Seeds
P. tessmannii can be propagated via seeds. The seeds need to be first collected from the ripe fruit, which is a dark purple drupe. After collection, the seeds need to be cleaned and then sowed in a well-draining soil mix. The soil should be moist and kept in a warm, shaded area for germination. The seeds typically take anywhere from 1 to 3 months to germinate.
Propagation via Cuttings
Cuttings can also be taken from P. tessmannii to propagate new plants. A healthy stem cutting of about 10 cm is taken from a mature plant. The leaves on the bottom half of the cutting are removed, and rooting hormone is applied to the cut part. The cutting is then planted in a well-draining soil mix and kept in a warm, shaded area. The cutting should root in about 3 to 4 weeks.
Propagation via Layering
Layering is a propagation method where the stem of a mature plant is bent downwards so that it lays horizontally on the soil surface. The part of the stem touching the soil is then covered with soil and moistened. Over time, roots will develop from the stem in contact with the soil. Once sufficient roots have developed, the new plant can be separated from the parent plant and potted in a separate container.
Disease and Pest Management for Pachyelasma tessmannii
Pachyelasma tessmannii, commonly known as the African nutmeg tree, is a plant species from Western Africa. It is an evergreen tree that can grow up to 30 meters tall and has a straight trunk with smooth bark. To keep it healthy, it is essential to manage the diseases and pests that can harm it. Here are some common diseases and pests that might affect the plant and ways to manage them:
Diseases
Anthracnose: This fungal disease causes the leaves to have brown spots and die prematurely. To prevent anthracnose, remove the infected leaves and branches and dispose of them properly. You can also apply a fungicide to control the disease.
Root rot: Root rot is caused by a fungus that thrives in wet soil. The plant's roots start to decay, leading to stunted growth and wilted leaves. To prevent root rot, ensure that the soil is well-draining and avoid overwatering the plant. You can also apply a fungicide to combat the disease.
Pests
Mealybugs: These small insects suck the sap of the plant, leading to stunted growth and yellowing of leaves. You can control mealybugs by spraying the plant with a mixture of water and neem oil or insecticidal soap.
Spider mites: Spider mites are tiny pests that feed on the plant's leaves, causing them to have a stippled appearance and eventually dry out. Increase the humidity around the plant to deter spider mites. You can also spray the plant with a solution of water and insecticidal soap or neem oil.
Caterpillars: Caterpillars are the larvae of moths and butterflies that can defoliate the plant by eating its leaves. Handpick the caterpillars and dispose of them or apply a biological or chemical control method to manage the pest.
It is crucial to monitor the Pachyelasma tessmannii plant regularly for signs of disease or pests. Early detection and management can help prevent the spread of diseases or pests to healthy parts of the plant and other plants in the surrounding area. If the infection or infestation is severe, seek advice from a professional arborist or horticulturist.
