Overview
Oxypolis fendleri (Gray) Heller, also known as Fendler's water-dropwort, is a perennial herbaceous plant belonging to the Apiaceae family. Native to parts of North America, it is typically found growing in wetlands and along the banks of streams, as well as in meadows and prairies.
Appearance
The plant grows up to 3 feet tall and has an erect stem with thin branches. The leaves are pinnately divided, with each leaflet being lance-shaped and finely toothed. The flowers are small and white, arranged in umbrella-shaped inflorescences. The fruits are small and round, with a slightly flattened back.
Common Names
The plant is commonly referred to as Fendler's water-dropwort or Fendler's Oxypolis.
Uses
Fendler's water-dropwort is not commonly used for medicinal or culinary purposes, but some indigenous communities have used it to treat various ailments such as nausea, fever, and digestive problems. The plant's roots, seeds, and leaves were also used as a source of food by these communities. Additionally, the plant is sometimes used for landscaping and erosion control due to its ability to thrive in moist areas.
Light Requirements
Oxypolis fendleri typically requires full sun to partial shade for optimal growth. In areas with extremely high temperatures, partial shade may be necessary for the plant to thrive. In general, partial shade is suitable for the plant during the hottest parts of the day.
Temperature Requirements
The plant can tolerate high temperatures but grows best in areas with a moderate temperature range. Ideal temperatures for growth range from 61°F to 86°F (16°C to 30°C). During winter months, the plant can tolerate temperatures as low as 10°F (-12°C). Frost can cause damage to the plant, so it is best to avoid planting in areas where frost is common.
Soil Requirements
Oxypolis fendleri grows well in well-drained soil with a slightly acidic pH. The ideal range is between 6.0 and 6.5. The soil should be relatively moist but not waterlogged, as the plant may develop root rot if the soil is too wet. The plant can tolerate dryer conditions, but it should not be allowed to dry out completely. When planting, it is important to ensure that the soil is free of rocks and has good drainage.
Cultivation Methods
Oxypolis fendleri is an attractive plant that can grow well both indoors and outdoors. It requires bright indirect sunlight for healthy growth. The plant can thrive in a variety of soils but prefers a well-draining soil mix. The soil must be kept moist but not waterlogged to ensure that the plant grows well. Transplanting can hurt the plant's growth, so it is recommended to keep it in a larger pot for a long time before repotting.
Watering Needs
Watering Oxypolis fendleri can be challenging, given the plant's preference for a moist but not waterlogged soil. The best way to water the plant is to start by checking the soil's moisture level, and only water if the soil is dry a few inches below the surface. Regular watering during dry seasons is recommended, but be cautious not to over-water your plant as this can lead to root rot and cause the plant to die.
Fertilization
Fertilization is vital to the Oxypolis fendleri's growth. The plant requires regular fertilization to provide the necessary nutrients for healthy growth. A balanced fertilizer applied regularly during the growing season would suffice. It is advisable to avoid fertilizing the plant during the winter months as this can cause the plant to become dormant.
Pruning
Pruning is not usually necessary for Oxypolis fendleri, but occasional pruning can help prevent the plant from becoming too leggy. Pruning should be done during the growing season to encourage new growth. It is advisable to use clean, sharp tools to avoid damaging the plant. Dead leaves and branches should be removed as soon as possible to prevent the spread of disease.
Propagation of Oxypolis fendleri (Gray) Heller
Oxypolis fendleri is a perennial herb that belongs to the Apiaceae family. The plant's flowers are small, white, and dainty, so they are ideal for ornamental purposes. To propagate the Oxypolis fendleri, you can use the following methods.
Seed Propagation
Seed propagation is the easiest and most common method of Oxypolis fendleri. To propagate using seeds, you need to collect seeds from mature plants and sow them in pots or a seed bed. The best time to collect seeds is during the fall when the fruits have ripened. When the fruits start to discolor, you can harvest the seeds by shaking the fruits over a container. Store the seeds in a cool, dry place before planting.
Division
Division is another propagation method that works well with Oxypolis fendleri. To divide the plant, you need to wait until it reaches maturity and has developed a dense root system. Carefully dig the plant out of the ground and gently separate the roots into smaller sections. Each section should have healthy roots and a few stems attached to it. You can then replant these sections in separate containers and keep them in a cool, shady area.
Cuttings
Propagation using cuttings is a bit difficult for Oxypolis fendleri as the plant has a shallow root system. However, you can try this method if you have an established plant. Take cuttings of the plant's stem, making sure that each cutting has at least one node. Remove all the leaves except for the top ones and dip the cut end in rooting hormone. Plant the cutting in a pot filled with moist soil and place it in a warm, shady spot. Keep the soil moist and wait for new growth.
Disease Management
Oxypolis fendleri is susceptible to several diseases, including fungal and bacterial pathogens. Some of the common diseases that might affect the plant are:
- Leaf Spot: This disease causes small, circular spots on the plant's leaves. The spots might expand and merge, causing severe damage to the leaves, reducing the plant's productivity. To manage this disease, it is advisable to prune the infected leaves and keep the area clean and dry to prevent further spread of the disease.
- Root Rot: This disease affects the roots of the plant, causing them to rot and decay. The plant might exhibit stunted growth, wilting or even death in severe cases. To manage this disease, it is advisable to grow the plant in well-draining soil and avoid over-watering.
- Powdery Mildew: This disease causes a powdery white coating on the plant's leaves, leading to reduced photosynthesis and premature leaf fall. To manage this disease, it is advisable to prune the infected leaves and use a fungicide as per the manufacturer's instructions.
Pest Management
Oxypolis fendleri is also prone to several pests that might cause significant damage to the plant. Some of the common pests that might affect the plant are:
- Aphids: These are tiny insects that suck sap from the plant's leaves and stems, causing the leaves to yellow and wilt. To manage this pest, it is advisable to use insecticidal soap or neem oil as per the manufacturer's instructions.
- Spider Mites: These are small arachnids that feed on the plant's cells, causing the leaves to turn yellow or have a bronzed appearance. To manage this pest, it is advisable to use a miticide as per the manufacturer's instructions.
- Caterpillars: These are the larvae of moths which feed on the plant's leaves, causing extensive damage to the plant. To manage this pest, it is advisable to use a biological control such as Bacillus thuringiensis or hand-pick them when possible.
