Origin
Oxyanthus swynnertonii S.Moore var. breviflora S.Moore is a member of the Rubiaceae family and is indigenous to East Africa, specifically Tanzania and Malawi.
Common Names
The plant is commonly known as Tanzanian Bitter Berry, Swynnerton's bitter berry or Mfeka in Swahili language.
Uses
Oxyanthus swynnertonii S.Moore var. breviflora S.Moore is used by the Maasai tribe in Tanzania as a traditional medicine to cure malaria, coughs, and stomach ailments. The root extract of the plant is also used for treating wounds and snakebites. The ripe fruit is edible, but the unripe berries are very bitter and have an alum-like taste.
General Appearance
The plant is a shrub or small tree that can reach up to 6 meters in height. It has dark green, glossy leaves that are oblong-shaped and grow to be 5-15cm long. The plant produces small, white or cream-colored flowers that bloom from September to December. The fruit is a berry that starts as green but ripens to a dark purple or black color. The ripe berry is 5-7mm in diameter and contains four to five seeds.
Light requirements
Oxyanthus swynnertonii S.Moore var. breviflora S.Moore thrives in partial or dappled shade. Direct sunlight can cause leaf scorching and stunted growth. Growers should place the plant in a spot that receives filtered light, such as under a tree or near a window with sheer curtains. This species also benefits from an even distribution of light, so rotate the pot often to ensure that all sides receive the same exposure.
Temperature requirements
This plant prefers warm and humid temperatures, with an ideal range of 20-25°C (68-77°F). Temperatures below 10°C (50°F) can cause damage to the foliage, and cold drafts should be avoided. In contrast, temperatures higher than 30°C (86°F) can cause leaf wilting and dryness, so growers should keep the plant away from direct sources of heat such as radiators or heating vents.
Soil requirements
Oxyanthus swynnertonii S.Moore var. breviflora S.Moore prefers a well-draining soil mix that is rich in organic matter. A mixture of peat moss, perlite, and vermiculite can be used to provide adequate drainage. This species also requires a slightly acidic soil with a pH range between 5.0-6.0. Growers should avoid using soil mixes that contain heavy clay or sand, as they can lead to poor drainage or water-logging.
Cultivation Methods
Oxyanthus swynnertonii S.Moore var. breviflora S.Moore is a plant that thrives in warm temperatures and needs a humid environment. This plant can grow well in a moist, well-drained soil in partial shade. It prefers a soil pH of 4.5-5.5, which means that you need to add some acidic fertilizer or organic matter during planting. This will help improve the soil's fertility and water retention capacity.Watering Needs
This plant requires moderate watering, which means that you need to keep the soil moist without waterlogging. Water the plant regularly, and avoid allowing the soil to dry out completely or remain wet for too long. In the growing season, water once or twice a week, while in winter, you can water less frequently but still ensure the soil remains slightly moist. If the plant shows signs of overwatering, such as yellowing leaves, reduce the watering frequency.Fertilization
Oxyanthus swynnertonii S.Moore var. breviflora S.Moore requires occasional fertilization to ensure healthy growth. Use a slow-release, acidic fertilizer once every three months during the growing season. You can use a general-purpose liquid fertilizer that contains nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Alternatively, you can use organic matter such as compost or aged manure, which will nourish the plant and improve the soil's fertility.Pruning
Keeping your Oxyanthus swynnertonii S.Moore var. breviflora S.Moore pruned will help maintain its size and shape and promote healthy growth. Prune the plant in late winter or early spring before it starts producing new growth. Cut back the damaged or dead stems, and remove any branches that cross or rub against each other. You can also lightly prune the plant after flowering to encourage bushier growth and more flowers. Avoid heavy pruning, as this can harm the plant.Propagation of Oxyanthus swynnertonii S.Moore var. breviflora S.Moore
Oxyanthus swynnertonii S.Moore var. breviflora S.Moore, commonly called the Tanzanian forest star, is a beautiful plant that can be propagated in several methods.
Seed Propagation
The easiest and most common method of propagating Oxyanthus swynnertonii is through seeds. Seeds can either be sown directly on the soil or started indoors. To start seeds indoors, fill a tray or pot with a well-draining, sterile potting mix. Sprinkle the seeds on top of the soil and cover them loosely with more soil, then mist with water.
Place the tray or pot in a warm, bright location but away from direct sunlight. Keep the soil moist but not waterlogged. The seeds should germinate within two to four weeks.
Cuttings Propagation
Propagation of Oxyanthus swynnertonii can also be done through cuttings. Take a cutting from a healthy plant, preferably during the growing season. Cut a 4 to 6-inch stem just below a node, remove the lower leaves, then dip the cut end in rooting hormone.
Plant the cutting in a well-draining, sterile potting mix, and lightly water it. Enclose the pot with a clear plastic bag to increase humidity and keep it in a warm, bright place. Roots should develop within four to six weeks.
Division Propagation
Propagation of Oxyanthus swynnertonii can also be done through division. Divide the plant during the growing season, preferably in spring or early summer. Carefully lift the plant and separate the roots into two or more sections, ensuring each section has some foliage and roots.
Plant each section in its container filled with a well-draining, sterile potting mix. Lightly water it, and place it in a warm, bright location but away from direct sunlight. Keep the soil moist but not waterlogged.
Propagation of Oxyanthus swynnertonii S.Moore var. breviflora S.Moore can be rewarding and easy by following these basic propagation methods.
Disease Management:
Oxyanthus swynnertonii S.Moore var. breviflora S.Moore is not usually affected by severe diseases, but it is susceptible to some common plant diseases that can cause problems if not managed promptly. Some of the common diseases that might affect Oxyanthus swynnertonii S.Moore var. breviflora S.Moore include:
- Leaf Spot: This disease shows up as brown spots on the leaves. It is caused by a fungus and can be managed by removing and destroying affected plant parts, improving air circulation and soil drainage, and applying fungicides.
- Mildew: Mildew shows up as a white powdery coating on leaves and stems. It is caused by a fungus and can be managed by removing and destroying affected plant parts, improving air circulation and soil drainage, and applying fungicides.
- Rust: Rust appears as orange-brown spots on leaves and stems. It is caused by a fungus and can be managed by removing and destroying affected plant parts, improving air circulation and soil drainage, and applying fungicides.
Pest Management:
Oxyanthus swynnertonii S.Moore var. breviflora S.Moore is also susceptible to pest infestations that can cause harm if not managed promptly. Some of the common pests that might affect the plant include:
- Aphids: Aphids are small, pear-shaped insects that feed on the sap of plants and can weaken them. They can be managed by using insecticidal soap, neem oil, or horticultural oils to kill them.
- Mealybugs: Mealybugs look like white cottony masses on plant leaves and can spread quickly. They can be managed by using insecticidal soap, neem oil, or horticultural oils to kill them.
- Spider Mites: Spider mites are tiny pests that feed on the underside of leaves and can cause discoloration and reduce the plant's vigor. They can be managed by washing the plant with water or by using insecticides specifically designed for spider mites.
