Description of Oxyanthus speciosus DC. subsp. mollis (Hutch.) Bridson
Oxyanthus speciosus DC. subsp. mollis (Hutch.) Bridson is a species of flowering plant that belongs to the family Rubiaceae. It is native to tropical Africa, specifically to Tanzania and Kenya. This species is known by several common names which include "Soft-leaved oxyanthus", "Mweke", "Chisombezi" and "Mkomate".
General Appearance
The soft-leaved oxyanthus is a small tree that usually attains a height of about 8 meters. The leaves are approximately 4-10 cm long, elliptical in shape and are velvety to the touch due to the presence of hairs on both surfaces. The flowers are showy and about 3cm in diameter and they occur in clusters of 3-7. The fruit is a 3.5-4.8 cm long and is reddish-brown when ripe.
Uses
Some of the uses of Oxyanthus speciosus DC. subsp. mollis (Hutch.) Bridson include the extraction of alkaloids from the roots and branches which are used in traditional medicine to treat various ailments such as malaria, jaundice, and stomach infections. The wood of this plant is used to make poles for constructing temporary houses. The leaves and the bark are also used to make a dark brown dye. The fruit is edible and is consumed by some wild animals such as monkeys and birds.
Light Requirements
Oxyanthus speciosus subsp. mollis requires bright, filtered light to grow optimally. Direct sunlight can scorch the leaves, so it's important to provide some shade for the plant. East-facing windows or a shaded spot outdoors are ideal for the plant's growth and development.
Temperature Requirements
This plant prefers warm temperatures between 60-80°F (15-27°C). It tends to thrive in typical household temperatures, making it an excellent indoor plant. Oxyanthus speciosus subsp. mollis is sensitive to colder temperatures and frost, so it's best to avoid exposing it to extreme cold or heat.
Soil Requirements
The Oxyanthus speciosus subsp. mollis thrives in well-draining, moist soil that is rich in organic matter. The plant is sensitive to overwatering, so it's important to ensure the soil is porous and well-draining. A 1:1 mixture of peat moss and perlite is ideal for this plant. A slightly acidic soil pH of 5.5-6.5 is optimal for healthy growth.
Cultivation
Oxyanthus speciosus DC. subsp. mollis (Hutch.) Bridson prefers well-draining soils that retain moisture in cool, humid conditions. It's essential to plant in a spot that gets partial sunlight, especially in the morning. The plant doesn't do well in hot climates or direct sunlight.
Watering needs
Water the plant generously whenever the top inch of soil feels dry. Oxyanthus speciosus DC. subsp. mollis (Hutch.) Bridson prefers moist soils, so avoid overwatering the plant, which can cause root rot.
Fertilization
Use a balanced, slow-release fertilizer in the early stages of growth, typically during the spring. Apply a layer of compost or well-rotted manure during late fall, and ensure it's well mixed with the soil. This organic matter will enrich the soil, improve soil structure, and help retain moisture.
Pruning
Pruning Oxyanthus speciosus DC. subsp. mollis (Hutch.) Bridson is necessary to keep the plant in good shape and encourage proper growth. Cut back the plant to about half its size after each flowering season. This pruning encourages new growth and ensures the plant doesn't become leggy. Remove the dead, damaged, or diseased parts as needed.
Propagation of Oxyanthus speciosus DC. subsp. mollis (Hutch.) Bridson
Oxyanthus speciosus DC. subsp. mollis (Hutch.) Bridson, commonly known as the pink sapphire plant, is an evergreen perennial shrub that belongs to the Rubiaceae family. Propagation of this plant can be done through three methods, which are:
Seed Propagation
The most common method of propagating Oxyanthus speciosus is through seeds. Sow the seeds in well-drained soil in a shaded area. Ensure that you maintain the soil's moisture until the seeds sprout, which takes approximately two to three weeks. Once the seedlings have grown at least two sets of leaves, transplant them to their permanent location.
Cuttings Propagation
Propagation of Oxyanthus speciosus can also be done through cutting. Strive to take cuttings from young plants' growth tips since they have a high success rate in propagating. Trim the cutting tips, remove the lower leaves, and dip the cut stem in rooting hormone. Plant the cutting in well-draining soil. Maintain its consistent moisture until it establishes roots, which takes about six weeks. Transplant the new plant into a new container, where it can continue growing.
Division Propagation
Division propagation is another suitable method for propagating Oxyanthus speciosus. Divide the plant every two to three years, either during early spring or late summer. Dig around the plant's circumference, lift and split it into smaller clumps. Use a clean, sharp knife to separate the roots and shoots. Transplant the new clumps into their permanent location or container."
Disease Management
Oxyanthus speciosus DC. subsp. mollis (Hutch.) Bridson is a relatively disease-resistant plant. However, some diseases can still affect the plant, including:
- Root Rot: This disease is caused by overwatering and poor drainage. Plant roots become mushy, and the plant shows signs of wilting. To manage root rot, ensure proper watering and drainage.
- Powdery Mildew: This disease manifests as a white or gray powder on the plant leaves. To manage powdery mildew, remove infected plant parts and ensure proper air circulation around the plant.
- Crown Rot: This fungal disease appears as black, mushy growth around the plant's stem base. To manage crown rot, remove infected plant parts and ensure proper soil drainage and ventilation around the plant.
Pest Management
There are few pests that attack Oxyanthus speciosus DC. subsp. mollis (Hutch.) Bridson. However, some of the common pests that might affect the plant include:
- Aphids: These insects feed on the plant's sap and cause leaves to curl and yellow. To manage aphids, introduce natural predators such as ladybugs or use insecticidal soap.
- Spider Mites: These pests also feed on plant sap and cause yellowing of the leaves. To manage spider mites, spray the plant with water frequently or use insecticidal soap.
- Whiteflies: These pests feed on the plant's sap and secrete a sticky substance that attracts other pests. To manage whiteflies, introduce natural predators or use insecticidal soap.
Regularly inspecting the plant for any signs of diseases or pests is crucial in managing these issues effectively. Early detection and management of diseases and pests will help keep your Oxyanthus speciosus DC. subsp. mollis (Hutch.) Bridson plant healthy and thriving.
