Origin
Oxalis polyphylla Jacq. var. pentaphylla (Sims) T.M.Salter is commonly known as the "Iron cross" plant or "Alfilerillo" in Mexico. This species originated in Mexico and is now found scattered throughout the southwestern United States and northern Mexico.
Common names
The plant is commonly known as "Iron cross" or "Alfilerillo" in Mexico.
Appearance
Oxalis polyphylla Jacq. var. pentaphylla (Sims) T.M.Salter is a perennial herbaceous plant that grows up to 8 inches tall. The plant features a basal rosette of five leaflets with an "iron cross" marking in the center of each leaflet. The "iron cross" marking is due to the dark purple-brown central blotch that forms on each leaflet. The leaves can be up to 2 inches long and are typically green or reddish in color. The flowers of the plant are small and white and appear from late spring to fall.
Uses
Oxalis polyphylla Jacq. var. pentaphylla (Sims) T.M.Salter is commonly grown as an ornamental plant due to its unique and attractive appearance. It can be used in borders, rock gardens, or as groundcover. Additionally, some Native American tribes used the plant as a traditional medicine for various ailments such as stomach pain, coughs, and colds.
Light requirements
Oxalis polyphylla Jacq. var. pentaphylla (Sims) T.M.Salter requires a moderate amount of light to grow. It can tolerate partial shade but prefers bright, indirect light for optimum growth. If the plant does not receive enough light, it may become leggy and have fewer leaves.
Temperature requirements
The ideal temperature range for Oxalis polyphylla Jacq. var. pentaphylla (Sims) T.M.Salter is between 15°C and 25°C. The plant can tolerate temperatures as low as 10°C and as high as 30°C, but it will not grow as well in these extreme conditions. In colder climates, the plant may go dormant during the winter months and resume growth once temperatures rise in the spring.
Soil requirements
Oxalis polyphylla Jacq. var. pentaphylla (Sims) T.M.Salter prefers well-draining, slightly acidic soil. A pH range of 5.5 to 6.5 is ideal. The soil should be moist but not waterlogged, as too much water can cause root rot. Adding organic matter like compost or peat moss can improve soil drainage and fertility.
Cultivation
Oxalis polyphylla Jacq. var. pentaphylla (Sims) T.M.Salter is native to South America, specifically the Andes mountains. This plant prefers a cool and moist environment, making it suitable for growing in shady areas or under partial shade.
It grows well in fertile, well-draining soil with a slightly acidic pH level of 6.0 to 6.5. It is recommended to use a mixture of potting soil and sand for optimal growth.
Propagation can be done through division or by sowing seeds. It is best to propagate this plant in spring or fall when the temperatures are mild.
Watering needs
The watering needs of Oxalis polyphylla Jacq. var. pentaphylla (Sims) T.M.Salter depend on various factors such as temperature, humidity, and soil moisture. It is important to keep the soil consistently moist but not waterlogged.
This plant does not tolerate drought, so it is crucial to water it regularly during dry spells. It is recommended to water the plant from the bottom, allowing the roots to soak up the water.
Fertilization
Oxalis polyphylla Jacq. var. pentaphylla (Sims) T.M.Salter benefits from regular fertilization to promote healthy growth and blooming. It is recommended to fertilize the plant every two weeks during the growing season (spring and summer).
A well-balanced, water-soluble fertilizer with equal amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK) can be used. Alternatively, a fertilizer high in phosphorus can be used to promote blooming.
Pruning
Pruning is not necessary for Oxalis polyphylla Jacq. var. pentaphylla (Sims) T.M.Salter. However, deadheading spent blooms can promote continuous blooming.
If the plant becomes leggy, it can be cut back to encourage bushier growth. Pruning is best done in the fall before the plant goes into dormancy.
Propagation of Oxalis polyphylla Jacq. var. pentaphylla (Sims) T.M.Salter
Oxalis polyphylla Jacq. var. pentaphylla (Sims) T.M.Salter is a herbaceous perennial plant that belongs to the family Oxalidaceae. It is commonly known as Iron Cross or Lucky Clover plant. It is a popular plant for its attractive foliage and is grown as a houseplant or in outdoor gardens. The plant is propagated through different methods including division, cuttings, and seeds.
Division
Propagation by division is the easiest and most common method for Oxalis polyphylla Jacq. var. pentaphylla (Sims) T.M.Salter. The plant produces small tubers that can be separated from the mother plant and replanted to form new plants. To propagate through division, follow the steps below:
- Carefully remove the plant from the soil or pot
- Separate the tubers from the mother plant by gently pulling them apart
- Replant the tubers into individual pots or in the ground
- Water the new plants well and place them in a shaded area for the first few days
Cuttings
Oxalis polyphylla Jacq. var. pentaphylla (Sims) T.M.Salter can also be propagated through stem cuttings. Take cuttings during the spring or summer when the plant is actively growing. Follow the steps below:
- Select a healthy stem and cut a 2-3 inch piece from the tip
- Remove the lower leaves from the stem cutting
- Dip the cut end in rooting hormone and plant it in a small pot filled with a mixture of potting soil and sand
- Water the cutting well and mist it regularly to keep the soil moist
- Place the cutting in a bright, warm area away from direct sunlight
- After a few weeks, the cutting should have developed roots and leaves and can be transplanted to a larger pot or in the garden
Seeds
Oxalis polyphylla Jacq. var. pentaphylla (Sims) T.M.Salter can be propagated through seeds. Collect the seeds from the plant in the fall and sow them immediately. Follow the steps below:
- Collect the seed pods from the plant and allow them to dry
- Crack the pods open and remove the seeds
- Plant the seeds in a small pot with potting soil and cover lightly with soil
- Water the soil well and keep it moist with regular watering
- Place the pot in a bright, warm area away from direct sunlight
- The seeds should germinate within 2-3 weeks and can be transplanted to a larger pot or in the garden when they have developed a few leaves
Disease Management
Oxalis polyphylla Jacq. var. pentaphylla (Sims) T.M.Salter plants are susceptible to several diseases, which can affect their growth and productivity. Here are some common diseases that might affect these plants:
- Root rot: This is a common soil-borne disease that can kill the plant. It is caused by a fungus called Pythium and can be identified by yellowing and wilting leaves, soft and blackened roots, and a foul odor. To manage this disease, remove the affected plant and replace the soil with a well-drained potting mix. Avoid excessive watering and ensure proper air circulation.
- Leaf blight: This is caused by the fungus Botrytis cinerea, and can result in brown or black spots on the foliage. To manage this disease, remove the affected leaves and treat the plant with a fungicide containing copper.
- Leaf spot: This is caused by the fungus Cercospora, and can result in brown or black spots on the leaves. To manage this disease, remove the affected leaves and treat the plant with a fungicide containing copper.
Pest Management
Oxalis polyphylla Jacq. var. pentaphylla (Sims) T.M.Salter plants may also be attacked by a number of pests, which can damage the leaves and flowers. Here are some common pests that may affect these plants:
- Aphids: These tiny insects can suck the sap from the leaves and cause stunted growth. To manage this pest, hose down the plant with water or treat with insecticidal soap.
- Spider mites: These are tiny pests that can spin webs and cause yellowing and leaf drop. To manage this pest, spray the plant with water or treat with a miticide.
- Thrips: These are tiny flying insects that can cause deformed leaves and flowers. To manage this pest, treat the plant with insecticidal soap.
