Origin
Oxalis melanograpta T.M.Salter, also known as blackfoot shamrock, is a plant species in the family Oxalidaceae. The plant is native to South Africa and is distributed across various regions including Botswana, Lesotho, and Zimbabwe.
Common Names
Oxalis melanograpta T.M.Salter is commonly known as blackfoot shamrock because of the black streaks found on the base of the petioles. Other common names include purple oxalis and black shamrock.
Uses
Blackfoot shamrock is used in traditional medicine in South Africa for treating various ailments including urinary tract infections, fever, and burns. The plant contains oxalic acid and anthocyanins which provide it with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.
The leaves of blackfoot shamrock are edible and have a sour taste due to the presence of oxalic acid. The plant is used as a culinary ingredient in South Africa, where it is prepared as a relish or added to soups and stews.
General Appearance
Oxalis melanograpta T.M.Salter is a small herbaceous plant that grows up to 30 cm in height. The plant has a fibrous root system and produces underground tubers. The leaves are trifoliate, with each leaflet being 1-3 cm long and 1-2 cm wide. The upper side of the leaves is green, while the lower side is purple. The plant produces small white or pink flowers that bloom in spring and early summer.
The stems of Oxalis melanograpta T.M.Salter are thin and are commonly referred to as petioles. The petioles are reddish in color and have black streaks at their base, marking one of the plant’s distinguishing features. Another distinctive feature of the plant is the purplish-black blotches on the leaflet bases which are most pronounced on the lower sides of the leaves.
Growth Conditions for Oxalis melanograpta T.M.Salter
Oxalis melanograpta T.M.Salter is a perennial plant that has unique growth conditions. For successful growth and optimal growth rate, the environmental factors must be ideal. This plant can tolerate a range of conditions, but ideal growth conditions include:
Light requirements
Oxalis melanograpta T.M.Salter grows best under bright or high light intensity. Partial shade can also be tolerated, but it will increase the duration of onset of flowering. Direct and constant sunlight might harm the plant, so it is essential to place it in a well-lit area that is shielded from the sun for some parts of the day, especially during summer.
Temperature requirements
This plant thrives in a temperature zone of 18 – 24°C (65 – 75°F). It is essential to keep it away from extreme temperatures, which include both hot and cold extremes. Too low temperatures can damage the roots and can lead to stunted growth or even death of the plant. Therefore, care should be taken to protect the plant from frost by covering it during winter or keeping it indoors.
Soil requirements
Oxalis melanograpta T.M.Salter grows best in well-drained soils and with ample organic matter. It prefers slightly acidic soils with a pH range of 6.5 – 7. It can also grow optimally in sandy soils that have high water-retaining capacity and good nutrient-holding capacity. The soil should be prepared by adding an organic mixture like compost and perlite to improve soil drainage and aeration.
In conclusion, the ideal growth conditions for Oxalis melanograpta T.M.Salter include bright or high light intensity, a moderate temperature range of 18 – 24°C, and well-drained soil with ample organic matter and slightly acidic pH. By following these environmental factors, one can grow a healthy plant with optimal growth rate and maximum yield.
Cultivation Method of Oxalis melanograpta T.M.Salter
Oxalis melanograpta T.M.Salter, commonly known as the "Iron Cross" plant, prefers growing in well-draining soils and a shaded environment. It can tolerate partial shade, but direct sunlight adversely affects the foliage quality. The ideal temperature range for the plant's thriving is between 15°C to 26°C.
You can grow the "Iron Cross" plant outside in USDA hardiness zones 7a-11b and as an indoor potted plant, where the temperature is consistent. If planted outside, ensure the soil remains moist to support the plant's growth. If the soil is dry, it affects the leaf color, making it look dull.
Watering Needs of Oxalis melanograpta T.M.Salter
The Oxalis melanograpta T.M.Salter plant needs consistent watering to maintain its lush green and vibrant foliage. As mentioned before, it's vital to ensure that the soil remains moist for the healthy growth of the plant. Water the Iron cross plant thoroughly when the topsoil becomes dry to the touch. Avoid overwatering the plant, as it might lead to root rot.
During the hot summer months, water the plant more frequently to keep the soil consistently moist. In winter, reduce the amount of water to prevent overwatering and the soil from becoming soggy.
Fertilization of Oxalis melanograpta T.M.Salter
Fertilization is critical to the proper growth and development of the Oxalis melanograpta T.M.Salter plant. You can use any balanced fertilizer to fertilize the plant. Avoid using fertilizer that's high in nitrogen, as it might cause brown spots on the foliage.
After planting, add a slow-release fertilizer to the soil. You can fertilize the plant once every three weeks during the growing season to supply the essential nutrients for the plant's development. Reduce fertilization in winter when the plant isn't actively growing.
Pruning of Oxalis melanograpta T.M.Salter
Pruning is necessary to maintain the desired shape and size of the plant. Prune yellowing or brown leaves regularly to improve air circulation around the plant. The plant can produce blooms as early as spring, and you can prune the dead flowers to promote more blooms.
You can also pinch the tips occasionally to encourage bushier growth. During winter, cut back the foliage to promote new growth in spring. Avoid over-pruning, as it might shock the plant and inhibit its growth.
Propagation of Oxalis melanograpta T.M.Salter
Oxalis melanograpta T.M.Salter, commonly known as Black-veined sorrel, is a beautiful ornamental plant that can be propagated through various techniques. The primary methods of propagation for Oxalis melanograpta T.M.Salter are:
Division of Clumps
One of the easiest methods of propagating Oxalis melanograpta T.M.Salter is by dividing the clumps. This technique involves separating the plant into smaller sections, each containing a portion of the roots and stem. The separated plantlets can then be replanted in separate pots and grown into mature plants.
Seed Propagation
Another effective method of propagating Oxalis melanograpta T.M.Salter is through seeds. The seeds of Oxalis melanograpta T.M.Salter are small and need to be sown in well-draining soil. The seeds must be kept moist, and regular watering is necessary until the seedlings reach maturity. Special care must be taken before transplanting the seedlings to prevent them from damping off.
Vegetative Propagation
Another technique that can be used for propagating Oxalis melanograpta T.M.Salter, is vegetative propagation. This technique involves taking cuttings from healthy and established plants. The cuttings must be dipped in rooting hormone before planting them in well-draining soil. It is crucial to ensure that the soil stays moist, and regular watering is necessary to prevent them from drying out.
In conclusion, propagating Oxalis melanograpta T.M.Salter can be achieved through division of clumps, seed, and vegetative propagation methods. All these methods are effective and will deliver the desired results when done correctly.
Disease and Pest Management for Oxalis melanograpta T.M.Salter
Oxalis melanograpta T.M.Salter is a type of forest groundcover and is known for its beautiful purple foliage. To keep the plant healthy and flourishing, it is important to manage any potential diseases and pests that may affect it. Here are some common diseases and pests that may affect Oxalis melanograpta T.M.Salter and ways to manage them:
Diseases
1. Root Rot: Root rot is a common disease that affects Oxalis melanograpta T.M.Salter. The fungus enters the plant through its roots and causes them to decay. To manage root rot, remove any infected plant material immediately and replace the soil with fresh soil. Make sure to water the plant only when the soil is dry and ensure that the pot has proper drainage.
2. Powdery Mildew: Powdery mildew is a fungal disease that affects the leaves of the plant. It causes a white powdery substance to cover the leaves, making them look dusty. To manage powdery mildew, gently wipe the leaves with a damp cloth and remove any infected plant material. Ensure that the plant has a good airflow and avoid overhead watering.
Pests
1. Spider Mites: Spider mites are a common pest that attacks Oxalis melanograpta T.M.Salter. They feed on the plant's sap, causing leaves to yellow and wither. To manage spider mites, wash the leaves with a stream of water or a mixture of water and soap. You can also introduce natural predators like ladybugs or lacewings to the plant's environment.
2. Aphids: Aphids are another common pest that can attack Oxalis melanograpta T.M.Salter. These tiny insects feed on the plant's sap and cause leaves to curl and become distorted. To manage aphids, you can use a mixture of water and dish soap or introduce natural predators like ladybugs or lacewings to the plant's environment.
By managing diseases and pests, you can ensure that your Oxalis melanograpta T.M.Salter stays healthy and thrives in your garden.
