General Description
Oxalis macra Schltr. is a species of flowering plant in the family Oxalidaceae. It is commonly known as "Iron Cross" due to the distinctive cross-shaped markings on its leaves.
Origin and Distribution
The plant is native to South America, particularly in Brazil, Argentina, and Uruguay. It is widely distributed in naturalized and cultivated areas throughout the world, including Asia, Africa, Australia, and North America.
Appearance
The Iron Cross plant is a low-growing perennial that typically reaches a height of 10-15 cm. Its leaves are trifoliate, meaning that they are divided into three leaflets, resembling a shamrock. The leaflets are dark green and have a purple-black spot in the center, which forms the distinct cross shape. The plant has delicate, pink or white flowers that bloom in the summer.
Uses
The Iron Cross plant is primarily grown as an ornamental plant for its distinctive foliage and attractive flowers. It is suitable for borders, rock gardens, and container planting. The leaves have a sour flavor and can be used in salads or as a garnish, but are not widely consumed due to the plant's oxalic acid content, which can be toxic in large quantities.
Growth Conditions for Oxalis macra Schltr.
Oxalis macra Schltr. is a species of Oxalis that can grow up to 15-20 cm tall and 20-25 cm wide. The plant features heart-shaped leaves that are dark green in color, with purple undersides. It produces delicate white flowers that bloom in the late winter and early spring. To promote healthy growth, Oxalis macra Schltr. requires specific growth conditions, as described below.
Light Requirements
Oxalis macra Schltr. prefers bright, indirect light. Direct sunlight can damage the leaves and cause wilting, so it is essential to place the plant in the right location. It is best to keep this plant in partial shade and bright, indirect light to ensure optimal growth. If the plant does not receive enough light, it can become leggy and weak.
Temperature Requirements
Oxalis macra Schltr. grows best in moderate temperatures ranging from 60-75°F (15.5-24°C). It can also tolerate slightly cooler conditions, but extreme fluctuations in temperature can cause damage to the plant. Avoid placing the plant near air conditioning units or heating vents as it can dry out the leaves, leading to wilting.
Soil Requirements
The plant prefers moist, well-draining soil that is slightly acidic, with a pH range between 6.0-6.5. It is best to use organic soil mixes, as they provide adequate drainage and aeration. The addition of peat moss can help the soil retain moisture while perlite can help improve drainage. It also needs to be fertilized regularly using a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer to promote healthy growth.
By providing the proper light, temperature, and soil requirements, you can ensure that your Oxalis macra Schltr. plant thrives and produces beautiful flowers every year.
Cultivation Methods
Oxalis macra Schltr., commonly referred to as Red Marbled Oxalis, is a plant species that originated in Ecuador, a country located in South America. It is a beautiful houseplant that is easy to care for, making it an excellent addition to any indoor garden.
When cultivating Oxalis macra Schltr., it is recommended to plant it in well-draining soil that is rich in organic matter. The plant requires bright, indirect light and moderately humid conditions to thrive. It is also essential to ensure that the temperature of the surrounding environment is between 65 and 75°F
Watering Needs
Watering the Oxalis macra Schltr. plant can be a bit tricky. The plant requires regular watering, but overwatering should be avoided. It is recommended to water the plant once the top inch of soil dries out. Additionally, the plant must be watered less frequently during the winter when it becomes dormant.
It is also essential to ensure that the plant is not left in standing water. This can cause root rot and ultimately lead to the death of the plant.
Fertilization
Fertilizing the Oxalis macra Schltr. plant is necessary to keep it healthy and promote growth. The plant requires regular feeding, especially during the growing season. It is recommended to use a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer once every two weeks during the growing season. The fertilizer should be diluted to half-strength to avoid harming the plant.
Pruning
Pruning the Oxalis macra Schltr. plant is essential for its growth and vigor. It is recommended to prune the plant in the spring when it begins to actively grow. Pruning helps to promote bushier growth and prevent the plant from becoming leggy.
When pruning the plant, it is recommended to remove the dead or yellowing leaves. It is also essential to cut back any stems that have become too long. Pruning the plant also helps to control its size, making it an excellent addition to small areas.
Propagation of Oxalis macra Schltr.
Oxalis macra Schltr. can be propagated through different methods, including:
Division
Division is one of the easiest ways to propagate Oxalis macra Schltr., especially if the plant is mature and has formed clumps. To propagate through division:
- Carefully dig up the entire clump of the parent plant.
- Gently separate the smaller plantlets from the main plant with a clean, sharp knife or scissors. Each plantlet should have its own set of leaves and roots.
- Replant the smaller plantlets in a well-draining potting mix and water thoroughly.
Seeds
Oxalis macra Schltr. can also be propagated through seeds. To propagate through seeds:
- Collect seeds from mature plant pods and allow them to air dry for a few days.
- Sow the seeds in a well-draining potting mix, covering lightly with soil.
- Water the seeds and keep the potting mix moist until germination, which can take up to three weeks.
- Transfer the seedlings to individual pots once they have grown their second set of leaves.
Cuttings
Oxalis macra Schltr. can also be propagated through stem cuttings. To propagate through cuttings:
- Choose a healthy stem and cut a section of about 4-6 inches long.
- Remove the lower leaves from the stem, leaving only two or three leaves at the top.
- Dip the cut end in rooting hormone and plant it in a well-draining potting mix.
- Water the cutting thoroughly and keep the soil moist until roots have formed.
- Once roots have formed, the new plant can be transplanted to its permanent pot.
Regardless of the propagation method used, it is important to provide Oxalis macra Schltr. with the right growing conditions, including bright indirect light, consistently moist but well-draining soil, and regular fertilizer applications. By following these simple steps, anyone can successfully propagate and grow this beautiful plant.
Disease and Pest Management of Oxalis macra Schltr.
As a species native to Ecuador and Peru, Oxalis macra Schltr. is a delicate plant that can be affected by various diseases and pests. Below are some common issues related to Oxalis macra Schltr. and the management strategies that can be used to prevent or control them.
Common Diseases
1. Powdery Mildew: One of the most common diseases in Oxalis macra Schltr., Powdery Mildew appears as a white powder coating on the leaves stem and flowers. To control powdery mildew, reduce the humidity in the growing environment by increasing ventilation and the spacing between plants. Use neem oil or a fungicide containing potassium bicarbonate and a surfactant.
2. Crown Rot: This disease is caused by Pythium sp. or Phytophthora sp., which often occur in over-watered or poorly drained soil. Symptoms of crown rot include root rot and wilted leaves. To prevent crown rot, apply a preventative fungicide to the soil and decrease irrigation.
Common Pests
1. Spider Mites: These tiny, red or yellow pests suck sap from the plant leaves and cause yellow or brown damage spots. To prevent spider mites, keep a high humidity level and avoid over-fertilization. Use insecticidal soap to control outbreaks.
2. Aphids: These small, soft-bodied insects suck sap from the leaves and shoots. They can cause yellowing of leaves and transmit viruses to the plant. To prevent aphids, release beneficial insects such as ladybugs and lacewings, or use insecticidal soap.
3. Thrips: These tiny insects eat plant tissue and can cause deformed flowers. To prevent thrips, release beneficial insects such as ladybugs and lacewings or use an insecticide
Precaution is always better than cure, so being proactive in controlling the environmental conditions and pest management can go a long way in keeping your Oxalis macra Schltr. healthy and thriving.
