Overview: Oxalis L.
Oxalis L. is a genus of plants in the family Oxalidaceae, consisting of over 800 species that are widely distributed across the globe. These plants are commonly called wood sorrels, but also have other common names such as "shamrock", "butterfly flower", and "false shamrock".
Origin:
The genus Oxalis is thought to have originated in South America, specifically the Andean region. From here, they have spread throughout the world, becoming naturalized in many locations outside of their native range. Some of the most common and widespread species can now be found growing in North America, Europe, Asia, and Africa.
Common Names:
Oxalis species have many common names due to their global distribution. Some of the most common names include:
- Wood sorrel
- Shamrock
- Butterfly flower
- False shamrock
Uses:
The leaves and flowers of some Oxalis species, particularly Oxalis acetosella, are edible and have a sour taste due to their high levels of oxalic acid. They are sometimes used to flavor salads or soups, or as an ingredient in herbal teas.
Oxalis species have also been utilized for their medicinal properties in traditional medicine. The plant is believed to have antifungal, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties that can assist with wound healing, reduce inflammation, and promote digestive health.
Appearance:
Oxalis species vary in appearance depending on the species, but typically have clover-shaped leaves that may be green, purple, or variegated in color. The flowers produced by Oxalis plants are typically small and come in a range of colors such as pink, white, yellow, and red. The stems of Oxalis plants are typically thin and delicate, with the plant often growing to heights between 5 and 30 cm.
Overall, Oxalis plants are very attractive plants that can add color and texture to any garden or natural setting.
Light Requirements
Oxalis L. requires bright to moderate indirect light. It can also tolerate some direct sunlight, but too much of it will damage the leaves. In low light conditions, the plant will become leggy and fail to produce flowers.
Temperature Requirements
The ideal temperature range for Oxalis L. is between 60 to 75 °F. It can tolerate temperatures as low as 45 °F, but this may cause the plant to go dormant. On the other hand, temperatures above 85 °F can cause the leaves to wilt and turn yellow.
Soil Requirements
Oxalis L. prefers well-draining soil with a slightly acidic to neutral pH between 5.5 to 7.0. A good potting mix would consist of equal parts of peat moss, perlite, and vermiculite. The soil should be kept moist but not waterlogged, as the plant is susceptible to root rot if overwatered.
Cultivation Methods for Oxalis L.
Oxalis L. should be cultivated in a warm and sunny location. These plants grow best when planted in a spot with well-draining soil. The ideal time for planting is in the spring. The bulbs should be planted upright, with the top just above the soil level.
Watering Needs for Oxalis L.
Oxalis L. requires moderate watering. The plants prefer moist soil but do not tolerate standing water. Make sure to water them only when the soil feels dry to the touch. Be careful not to overwater, as this can lead to root rot.
Fertilization for Oxalis L.
Apply a balanced fertilizer to the soil once a month during the growing season. Use a fertilizer that is higher in phosphorus than nitrogen, as this will help encourage blooming. Avoid getting fertilizer on the leaves and stems of the plant, as this can burn the plant.
Pruning for Oxalis L.
Oxalis L. does not require pruning, but you can pinch back the stems to encourage bushier growth. Pinch off the tips of the stems when they are about 4 inches long to encourage lateral growth. Deadheading the plant will help prolong the blooming period.
Propagation of Oxalis L. Plants
Oxalis L. plants are beautiful and low-maintenance plants that are easy to propagate. There are various methods to propagate these plants, including:
Propagation by Bulbs
Oxalis L. plants have bulbs, which can be used to propagate new plants. These bulbs are similar to small potatoes and can be easily divided. To propagate Oxalis L. plants using bulbs:
- Carefully remove the bulb from the parent plant
- Divide the bulbs into smaller sections - each section should have at least one healthy leaf and a small root
- Plant the bulbs in a well-draining potting mix and water them
- Keep the soil moist and place the pot in bright, indirect light
- The bulbs will sprout new growth in a few weeks
Propagation by Division
Oxalis L. plants can also be propagated by division when the plant has matured, and it is time for it to be repotted. To propagate Oxalis L. plants by division:
- Carefully remove the plant from the pot and gently remove the soil around the roots
- Divide the plant into smaller sections - each section should have at least one healthy leaf and a small root system
- Plant the divided sections in well-draining soil and water them
- Keep the soil moist and place the new plants in bright, indirect light
- The new plants will sprout new growth in a few weeks
Propagation by Stem Cuttings
Oxalis L. plants can also be propagated by stem cuttings taken during the growing season. To propagate Oxalis L. plants by stem cuttings:
- Take a clean and sharp pair of scissors or pruning shears and snip off a healthy stem about 4-6 inches long.
- Carefully remove the leaves from the bottom 2 inches of the stem.
- Dip the cut end of the stem in rooting hormone powder
- Place the stem in a well-draining potting mix and water it
- Keep the soil moist and place the pot in bright, indirect light
- The stem will root in a few weeks, and new growth will emerge
Choose the propagation method that suits you and enjoy growing your Oxalis L. plants!
Disease and Pest Management for Oxalis L.
Oxalis L., commonly known as wood sorrel, is a plant that is susceptible to various diseases and pests that can stunt its growth, decrease its yield or even cause its death. Here are some common diseases and pests that might affect Oxalis L. and ways to manage them.
Common Diseases
Leaf spot: This disease is caused by the Cercospora fungus that causes spots on the leaves of the plant. As a result, the leaves turn yellow and fall off. To manage this disease, remove and destroy any infected leaves as soon as you notice them. Also, ensure that the plant is getting enough water, especially during dry periods.
Powdery mildew: This is a fungal disease that forms a white powdery or fuzzy substance on the leaves, stems, and flowers of the plant. The plant may show signs of poor growth and premature death if left untreated. To manage this disease, keep the plant in a well-ventilated area, and avoid watering the leaves. Also, avoid over-fertilizing the plant and remove any infected parts.
Root rot: This disease is caused by the Phytophthora fungus, which causes the roots to rot and ultimately kills the plant. To manage this disease, avoid over-watering the plant and ensure that the soil has adequate drainage. Also, remove any infected plants and avoid planting susceptible plants in the same area for at least two years.
Common Pests
Aphids: These small insects suck the sap from the plant, causing it to wilt and even die if the infestation is severe. To manage aphids, spray the plants with a strong stream of water to knock the insects off, and apply insecticidal soap or neem oil to keep them away.
Snails and slugs: These pests eat holes in the leaves and flowers of the plant, and they can even cause its death if they are not managed. To manage snails and slugs, remove any hiding places like rocks and leaf litter, and handpick any visible pests. You can also create barriers around the plant with copper tape or eggshells to keep them away.
Spider mites: These tiny insects cause leaves to yellow and fall off by sucking the sap from the plant. To manage spider mites, spray the plant with a mixture of water and dish soap or neem oil. You can also introduce predatory mites that consume spider mites.
With proper care and management, Oxalis L. can remain healthy and produce yield for years to come.
