Overview
Ostrya chisosensis Correll, also known as Chisos Hop-hornbeam, is a deciduous tree that is endemic to the Chisos Mountains in the Big Bend region of Texas.Appearance
The Chisos Hop-hornbeam grows relatively slowly to a maximum height of approximately 30 feet with a diameter of up to 12 inches. Its bark is gray to brown and is smooth or slightly flaky. The leaves are dark green and glossy with a serrated edge. They are typically 2-4 inches long and 1-2 inches wide.Uses
The Chisos Hop-hornbeam is primarily used as an ornamental tree due to its attractive appearance. Its dense branches and glossy leaves make it an appealing addition to gardens and landscapes. It is also a source of food for various wildlife species, including birds and mammals.References
1. Turner, B. L. (2013). The Chisos Mountains of Texas (No. 14). Texas A&M University Press. 2. Chisos Hop-Hornbeam (Ostrya chisosensis). (n.d.). Texas A&M Forest Service. Retrieved November 17, 2021, from https://texasforestservice.tamu.edu/content/chisos-hop-hornbeam-ostrya-chisosensis/.Light Requirements
Ostrya chisosensis Correll is known to thrive in a partially shaded environment. It prefers an area that receives at least 3-4 hours of sunlight per day but must also have sufficient shade to protect it from excessive sunlight. Its ideal location is under the canopy of larger trees or on the forest floor where the sunlight is filtered and indirect.
Temperature Requirements
This plant species is native to the mountainous regions of Texas and can adapt to a range of temperatures. It can withstand temperatures as low as -10 degrees Celsius during the winter months, but it prefers a mild, temperate climate. The ideal temperature range for Ostrya chisosensis is between 13-22 degrees Celsius.
Soil Requirements
The growth of Ostrya chisosensis Correll heavily depends on the type of soil it is planted in. It prefers moist, well-drained soil that is slightly acidic with a pH level ranging from 5.5 to 6.8. The soil should have a loamy texture with a high percentage of organic matter content. It is also essential to ensure that the soil has adequate aeration to prevent root rot and waterlogging.
Cultivation Methods
Ostrya chisosensis Correll is a slow-growing plant that thrives in well-draining soil with moderate moisture levels. It prefers partial shade to full sun exposure and can withstand drought once established. The plant grows best in USDA hardiness zones 8-10.
Watering Needs
The watering needs of Ostrya chisosensis Correll vary depending on the season and soil type. During the planting phase, the plant requires regular watering to establish its roots. Once established, the plant requires regular watering but can tolerate periods of drought. Water the plant deeply once a week, ensuring that the topsoil is moist but not waterlogged. Reduce water in winter to avoid root rot.
Fertilization
Ostrya chisosensis Correll requires low to moderate feeding during the growing season, usually from spring to fall. A balanced fertilizer with equal parts of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium is ideal. Apply the fertilizer according to the manufacturer's instructions, avoiding contact with the foliage. Over-fertilization can lead to stunted growth and weaken the plant's immunity.
Pruning
Ostrya chisosensis Correll requires occasional pruning to maintain its shape and improve its overall health. Prune the plant in late winter to early spring before new growth begins. Use sharp, sterilized tools to avoid injuring the plant's bark. Remove any dead, diseased, or damaged wood, ensuring that the cuts are clean and flush with the stem. Additionally, remove any suckers growing from the base of the plant to maintain its form.
Propagation Methods of Ostrya chisosensis Correll
Ostrya chisosensis Correll, commonly known as Chinquapin tree, is a native to the Chisos Mountains of West Texas and Northern Mexico. It is a small deciduous tree that belongs to the birch family. The Chinquapin tree is a slow-growing, long-lived tree that can grow up to 25 feet in height. The tree's propagation can be done in several ways, including the following:
Seed Propagation
One of the most common methods of propagating the Chinquapin tree is through seeds. The seeds of the Chinquapin tree are encased in a woody shell, which needs to be softened before planting. The seeds require stratification, which is a process of subjecting them to cold temperatures for a specific period to break their dormancy.
After stratification, the seeds can be sown in a well-drained soil mixture during the late fall or early spring. It is essential to keep the soil evenly moist, but not waterlogged. The ideal temperatures for the Chinquapin tree seed germination range from 60 to 70 degrees Fahrenheit. The seeds will start to germinate within two to three months.
Cuttings Propagation
Another method of propagating Chinquapin tree is through cuttings. The cuttings should be taken from the semi-hardwood sections of the tree during early summer. Before planting, they should be treated with rooting hormone to enhance their rooting ability.
The cuttings should be planted in moist, well-drained soil mix and covered with a plastic bag to maintain moisture. Ideally, the cuttings should be kept in an environment with high humidity and indirect light.
Grafting Propagation
Grafting is a propagation method used for Chinquapin trees that have desirable traits, such as disease resistance or specific fruits. Grafting involves joining a stem of the desired Chinquapin tree with the rootstock of another plant. This technique can help obtain trees that mature faster, produce more fruit or have characteristics particularly well-suited to different soils.
In conclusion, Ostrya chisosensis Correll propagation can be achieved through seeds, cuttings or grafting. Each method requires careful preparation and attention to ensure a successful propagation outcome.
Disease and Pest Management for Ostrya chisosensis Correll
Ostrya chisosensis Correll, commonly known as the Chisos Hop-hornbeam or Big-tooth Hop-hornbeam, is a small deciduous tree that is native to western Texas. It is a popular ornamental plant, but like many other plants, it can be affected by various diseases and pests. Below are some common diseases and pests that might affect the Chisos Hop-hornbeam, along with suggested ways to manage them.
Diseases
Anthracnose: This fungal disease can cause leaf spots, wilting, and defoliation. To manage anthracnose, prune and remove any infected branches and leaves. Use fungicides as necessary.
Leaf spot: This bacterial disease causes small brown or black spots on the leaves. Rake and discard any infected leaves. Use copper fungicides to manage the disease.
Pests
Spider Mites: Spider mites are common pests that can cause yellowing and spotting on leaves. Wash the leaves with a strong stream of water and apply insecticidal soap to manage the infestation.
Bagworm: These caterpillars spin silk bags around themselves for protection and feed on the leaves. Handpick and destroy the bags to control the infestation.
Lace Bugs: These pests cause the leaves to turn yellow and appear speckled with black excrement. Use insecticides to manage the infestation.
Regularly inspecting the Chisos Hop-hornbeam for signs of disease or pests is essential to ensure their proper health and growth. Proper care and timely intervention can help keep the plant healthy and beautiful.
