Overview
Oryzopsis contracta (B.L. Johnson) Schlechter, also known as the contracted mountain rice grass, is a species of perennial bunchgrass that belongs to the Poaceae family. It is mainly found in the high-elevation meadows and dry slopes of North America, particularly in the Intermountain region.
Appearance
The plant grows up to 50 cm tall and has a narrow, linear appearance. It has a thick root system, which allows it to thrive in harsh environments with minimal water. The leaves are mostly basal and are smooth or slightly hairy, measuring 1–4 mm wide with a length of 5–30 cm. The panicles are narrow, measuring 3–7 cm long and have few spikelets. The glumes are unequal, with the lower one measuring 2–2.5 mm and the upper one being slightly shorter at 1.5–2 mm.
Common names
The contracted mountain ricegrass is known by several common names, including contracted mountain rice grass, mountain ricegrass, and narrow-leaved rice grass.
Uses
The contracted mountain ricegrass has several uses, mainly for soil stabilization, livestock forage, and habitat for wildlife. Its deep root system and ability to grow in harsh environments make it a crucial species in erosion control and stabilizing soil in high-elevation areas. The grass also serves as a food source for livestock such as cattle and elk, and provides habitat for various wildlife species such as birds and small mammals. Additionally, the plant is used for ornamental purposes in gardens and landscapes.
hereLight Requirements
Oryzopsis contracta requires full sunlight for successful growth and development. It does not thrive in shaded areas and may exhibit stunted growth and reduced flower production when grown in areas with insufficient sunlight.
Temperature Requirements
The ideal temperature range for the growth of Oryzopsis contracta is between 20°C to 30°C. The plant can tolerate extreme temperatures, but prolonged exposure to high or low temperatures may have a detrimental effect on its growth rate.
Soil Requirements
Oryzopsis contracta prefers well-draining, sandy soils that are relatively rich in nutrients. It can grow in a wide range of soil types, including loam and clay, but the soil must be well-drained to avoid waterlogging, which can lead to the development of root rot. Soil pH should be in the neutral to slightly acidic range between 6.0 to 7.5
Cultivation methods
Oryzopsis contracta is a cool-season grass that is native to western North America. It grows best in well-draining soils, such as sandy or rocky soils, and prefers full sun to partial shade. This plant can withstand drought conditions but needs occasional watering to maintain optimal growth. It is recommended to plant Oryzopsis contracta in the fall either from seeds or container-grown specimens.
Watering needs
Oryzopsis contracta is a hardy plant that can withstand drought conditions, but it still needs watering occasionally, especially during periods of extended dryness. For optimum growth and health, water the plant deeply every two to three weeks during the growing season when rainfall has been scarce. Ensure that you allow the soil to dry out completely before the subsequent watering to prevent overwatering and encourage deep rooting.
Fertilization
Oryzopsis contracta is a low-maintenance grass that doesn't require frequent fertilization. However, adding a slow-release nitrogen-based fertilizer once or twice a year can enhance the growth and overall health of the plant. The best time to fertilize this grass is in the spring, after new growth begins, and late summer or early fall to promote root growth.
Pruning
Oryzopsis contracta requires minimal pruning. Remove any dead blades of grass or stems during the growing season to promote air circulation and prevent the build-up of plant debris, which can attract pests and diseases. After the first frost in late fall, prune the grass blades to a height of about 2 to 3 inches to encourage healthy root development.
Propagation of Oryzopsis Contracta
Oryzopsis contracta (B.L. Johnson) Schlechter, commonly known as the Sagebrush Mountains rice grass, is a perennial bunchgrass native to North America. It can be found from Montana to New Mexico, growing in low, medium, and high elevation meadows, and in pine, spruce-fir, and aspen forests. It is an important forage grass for livestock and wildlife, and it is also appreciated for its ornamental value in xeriscaping gardens. Propagation of O. contracta can be done through seed or vegetative methods.
Propagation by Seed
The most common propagation method for O. contracta is through seed. The seeds can be collected from mature grass plants in the fall, after they have turned brown and dry. The seed heads can be cut and placed in a paper bag to continue drying until the seeds are ready to be shaken out. The seeds should then be cleaned, removing any chaff or debris using a sieve or hand screen. Once the seeds have been cleaned, they can be stored in a cool, dry place until they are ready to be planted.
Planting of O. contracta seeds should be done in early spring, after the last frost, or in the fall, after the first rains. The seeds should be sown directly into the prepared soil by scattering them evenly and then lightly raking over them. Water the seeds well and keep the soil moist until the seeds germinate, which should take 7-14 days. Once the seedlings appear, they should be thinned to allow for proper growth and spacing.
Propagation by Division
Propagation of O. contracta can also be done by dividing mature clumps. This method is generally used for ornamental purposes, as it allows for the creation of new plants that are identical to the parent plant.
Division should be done in early spring, before new growth appears, or in the fall, after the growing season has ended. The clump should be carefully dug up and the root mass separated into sections using a sharp knife or spade. Each section should have its own set of roots and several blades of grass. These sections should then be replanted at the same soil depth as the parent plant. Water the new divisions well and keep the soil moist until new growth appears.
Overall, O. contracta can be easily propagated by seed or division, allowing for the preservation and spread of this important grass plant.
Disease and Pest Management for Oryzopsis Contracta
Oryzopsis contracta, commonly known as stiff mountain ricegrass, is a cool-season, perennial bunchgrass native to North America. This plant is hardy and resistant to many pests and diseases. However, it may encounter problems with some pathogens and insects, which are detrimental to its growth and productivity. Therefore, it is crucial to take adequate measures to manage diseases and pests in Oryzopsis contracta.
Common Diseases of Oryzopsis Contracta
Fusarium Blight: This fungal disease is often prevalent in warm and humid conditions. It causes the leaves to wilt and turn yellow. Eventually, the entire plant dies. To manage this disease, remove infected plants, and avoid planting Oryzopsis contracta in areas with poor drainage.
Crown Rot: Crown rot is another fungal disease that affects the plant's stem base, leading to yellowing and wilting leaves, until the entire plant dies. To prevent crown rot, ensure the seedbeds are adequately drained and not overwatered.
Leaf Rust: Leaf rust is a fungal disease that causes reddish-brown or rust-colored blisters on the leaves. This disease can lead to reduced plant growth. To manage it, spray the affected plants with a fungicide. Also, remove and burn infected plant debris to prevent the disease from spreading.
Common Pests of Oryzopsis Contracta
Grasshoppers: Grasshoppers are common pests that feed on Oryzopsis contracta, affecting the plant's growth and production. To manage grasshoppers, use insecticides, crop rotation, and plant Oryzopsis contracta in areas away from grasshopper breeding grounds.
Cutworms: Cutworms are the larvae of several moth species that feed on the plant's stem, often leading to stunted growth. To manage cutworms, use insecticides, handpick the worms, and plant Oryzopsis contracta in areas with well-drained soils.
Wireworm: Wireworms are pests that feed on the plant's roots, causing stunted growth and yellowing leaves. To prevent wireworm infestation, ensure that the seedbeds are adequately drained and use insecticides.
In conclusion, the key to effectively managing diseases and pests in Oryzopsis contracta is to identify the problems early. Regular monitoring of the plant and the environment, combined with cultural and chemical control measures, can prevent significant losses, promote healthy growth, and improve the plant's productivity.
