Overview
Orchis bicornis L. is a flowering plant that belongs to the Orchidaceae family. It is a European orchid species that blooms in spring and early summer. It is also known as the Bicornuate orchid or Two-horned orchid.
General Appearance
The Orchis bicornis plant grows up to 50 centimeters in height and features two leaves that grow from the base. Its flowers are distinctive and have a unique, blunt shape, with the lateral sepals forming two large spreading arms. The flowers are arranged in compact, terminal spikes that are reddish-purple in color.
Origin
Orchis bicornis is native to Europe, including the Mediterranean region, the Balkans, and parts of western Asia. It prefers to grow in dry, grassy areas and can often be found in open woodlands, meadows, and rocky hillsides.
Common Names
In addition to being called Bicornuate orchid or Two-horned orchid, Orchis bicornis is also known by several other common names, including Devil's hand, Hand orchid, and Cuckoo's shoe.
Uses
Orchis bicornis is primarily grown for its ornamental value and is popular with gardeners and orchid enthusiasts. In some countries, its roots have been used for medicinal purposes, as they contain a natural compound that is believed to have aphrodisiac properties. However, its use for medicinal purposes is not recommended due to the risk of over-harvesting and depletion of wild populations.
Growth conditions of Orchis bicornis L.
Orchis bicornis L. is a terrestrial orchid that is commonly found in Europe and Western Asia, particularly in open grasslands, woods, and scrublands. Here are some of the typical growth conditions for this plant:
Light
Like most orchids, Orchis bicornis L. requires ample amounts of light to thrive. It is ideally grown in areas with bright, diffused light, and away from direct sunlight. In its natural habitat, it grows under open canopies or alongside shaded watercourses.
Temperature
Orchis bicornis L. prefers moderate temperatures, usually ranging from 15°C to 25°C. It is cold-tolerant and can survive in temperatures as low as -20°C. This plant is known to have a dormant period in summer, so it needs cooler temperatures and reduced watering during this time.
Soil Requirements
Orchis bicornis L. can grow in various types of soil, as long as they are well-drained and rich in nutrients. It prefers to grow in alkaline or neutral soils, which are usually found in calcareous grasslands. This plant is also known to have a deep root system, which allows it to access nutrients that may be unavailable to other plants.
It is important to note that while Orchis bicornis L. can tolerate drought, it does not thrive in overly dry conditions. Watering should be done every two weeks or so, or whenever the soil feels dry.
Overall, Orchis bicornis L. is a hardy plant that can thrive in various growth conditions. Proper care and maintenance can ensure that it continues to grow and bloom beautifully.
Cultivation of Orchis bicornis L.
Orchis bicornis, commonly known as the two-horned orchid, is native to Europe and the Mediterranean region. It is a terrestrial orchid that prefers well-drained soils with a slightly acidic to neutral pH. It thrives in partial shade and requires protection from direct sunlight during the hottest part of the day.
Watering needs of Orchis bicornis L.
The two-horned orchid requires moderate watering. Overwatering can lead to rotting of the roots and the destruction of the plant. It is better to allow the soil to dry out between watering to avoid waterlogging. During the growing season, it is better to water the orchid in the morning or late afternoon when the temperature is cooler to avoid scorching of the leaves and flowers.
Fertilization of Orchis bicornis L.
Orchis bicornis requires very little fertilizer. It is better to use a balanced fertilizer once every six months during the growing season. Over-fertilization can lead to the burning of the roots and can be detrimental to the plant's health. It is essential to dilute the fertilizer to half the recommended strength before application.
Pruning of Orchis bicornis L.
Two-horned orchids do not require pruning. However, it is necessary to remove the dead flowers and leaves to maintain the plant's health and prevent the spread of any fungal diseases.
Propagation of Orchis bicornis L.
Orchis bicornis L. can be propagated using different methods. The following are some of the commonly used ones:
Seed Propagation
Seeds of Orchis bicornis L. can be collected from mature seedpods. The collected seeds must be sown immediately after collection to ensure optimal viability. The seeds should be sown in a potting mix containing peat moss, perlite, and vermiculite. The sowing depth should be around 3-4mm. The pot should be kept moist and placed in a warm, bright location. Germination usually takes 2-4 weeks.
Division Propagation
Orchis bicornis L. can also be propagated by division. This method involves separating the plant into smaller sections. The ideal time to divide the plant is during the dormant period, i.e., in late summer or early fall. The sections must have at least one healthy shoot and a portion of the root system. The divided sections can be planted in a potting mix and watered well. They should be placed in a bright but not fully sunny location and kept moist until new growth appears.
Vegetative Propagation
Orchis bicornis L. can also be propagated through vegetative propagation, which involves the use of plant parts other than seeds. The easiest method of vegetative propagation is by rhizome division. The rhizome can be cut into sections, and each section can be planted in a potting mix and watered well. The pot should be placed in a bright but not fully sunny location and kept moist until new growth appears.
Disease and Pest Management for Orchis bicornis L.
Orchis bicornis L., commonly known as the two-horned orchid, is a beautiful and delicate plant that requires careful attention and maintenance to keep it disease and pest-free. Here are some common diseases and pests that may affect the plant and ways to manage them:
Diseases Affecting Orchis bicornis L.
Bacterial Soft Rot: This disease is caused by bacteria that attack the plant's tissues, causing soft and mushy spots on the leaves and stems. To avoid this disease, it is crucial to avoid overwatering the plant, provide adequate drainage, and maintain proper air circulation in the growing area. If bacterial soft rot already affects the plant, remove and dispose of affected parts immediately, and avoid wetting the foliage while watering the plant.
Fungal Leaf Spot: Fungal leaf spot is caused by various types of fungi that produce circular or irregular-shaped spots on the plant's foliage. Good hygiene practices such as avoiding overhead watering, removing and destroying infected leaves and plants, and allowing adequate airflow to dry the foliage after watering can help prevent the spread of the disease. In severe cases, chemical control methods such as fungicides may be necessary.
Pests Affecting Orchis bicornis L.
Spider Mites: These tiny pests suck the sap from the plant's foliage, causing a stippled appearance and eventually turn the leaves yellow and drop them. To manage spider mites, first, isolate the affected plant to prevent the spread of the pests, spray the plant with water to dislodge the mites, and introduce natural enemies such as ladybugs, predatory mites, or lacewings. In severe cases, insecticidal soap, horticultural oil, or neem oil may be necessary.
Thrips: Thrips are small insects that cause distorted and discolored leaves and flowers by sucking the plant juices and transmitting plant viruses. To control thrips, introduce natural enemies such as predator bugs or mites, place sticky traps around the growing area to attract them, or use insecticidal soap or neem oil.
In conclusion, proper sanitation and management practices such as regular inspection, hygiene, and effective pest control techniques are essential to keep Orchis bicornis L. healthy and thriving. By following these guidelines, plant lovers can enjoy the beauty of this unique plant for many years to come.
