Origin
Opilia celtidifolia var. tomentella, also known as Opilia tomentella, is a plant species belonging to the Opiliaceae family. It is native to West Africa, specifically found in the countries of Cameroon, Nigeria, and Ghana.
Common Names
The plant has several common names in various parts of West Africa, such as Atakoun in Cameroon, Egetsu in Nigeria, and Ntasen in Ghana. It is also commonly referred to as African opilia or herringbone opilia in English.
Uses
Opilia celtidifolia var. tomentella has a variety of uses in traditional medicine. The bark, leaves, and roots of the plant are used as a natural remedy for many ailments such as malaria, fever, diarrhea, and stomach pains.
Additionally, the plant has several industrial uses. The bark fibers are used for textile production, while the stem and bark extracts are used in the production of dyes and tannins.
Appearance
The plant is a small to medium-sized tree that can grow up to 15 meters. It has a dense crown of leaves with a herringbone pattern, which alternate with each other. The leaves are elliptic in shape, with a pointed tip and a smooth margin. The upper surface of the leaves is dark green, while the underside is gray-green and hairy.
The bark of the tree is grayish-brown and scaly, with a fibrous texture. The tree produces small, white to pink flowers that are arranged in clusters. The fruit produced is a small, woody capsule that contains a single seed.
Light Requirements
Opilia celtidifolia var. tomentella thrives in full sunlight to partial shade. The plant can withstand high levels of sunlight but prefers some shade during the hottest part of the day.
Temperature Requirements
The plant grows well in subtropical and tropical climates. The optimal temperature range for growth is between 20°C and 30°C. The plant can tolerate brief periods of cooler temperatures but may suffer damage with prolonged exposure to temperatures below 10°C. When grown in cooler climates, it is best to keep the plant in a heated greenhouse or a warm indoor space.
Soil Requirements
Opilia celtidifolia var. tomentella prefers well-draining loamy soil that is slightly acidic to neutral. The plant can tolerate a wide range of soil types, including sandy, loamy, and clay soils. It is recommended to plant the Opilia celtidifolia var. tomentella in a fertile soil that has been enriched with organic matter. The plant can also thrive in compacted soils infused with gravel or sand that allows for adequate drainage.
Cultivation methods
The Opilia celtidifolia var. tomentella plant can be propagated by seeds and cuttings. However, cuttings are often preferred because germinating seeds can be challenging. The plant thrives in well-drained soil that is rich in organic matter. It prefers a slightly acidic soil pH of 6.0-7.0.
The plant can grow in full sun or partial shade. However, it is essential to protect seedlings and young plants from direct sunlight as it may cause sunburn. In addition, it is advisable to provide some form of wind protection to safeguard young plants as well.
Watering Needs
The Opilia celtidifolia var. tomentella plant is drought-resistant and can survive in areas with low rainfall. However, the plant needs occasional watering, especially during the dry season or when grown in containers. It is important to ensure that the soil is not waterlogged as this may cause root rot. A good approach is to water the plant when the topsoil is dry.
Fertilization
Adequate soil nutrients are essential for the growth and development of Opilia celtidifolia var. tomentella. A balanced fertilizer will provide the required macronutrients that the plant needs. For the best results, fertilize once every three months using a slow-release fertilizer. When applying fertilizer, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and not exceed the recommended dose.
Pruning
Prune Opilia celtidifolia var. tomentella regularly to keep it looking its best and encourage healthy growth. The best time to prune is during the dormancy period. Dead, diseased or damaged branches should be removed promptly. Pruning can also help shape the plant and control its size. Use a sterile pruning tool to prevent the spread of diseases. It is advisable to avoid over-pruning as this may weaken the plant.
Propagation of Opilia Celtidifolia var. Tomentella
Opilia Celtidifolia var. Tomentella, commonly known as "whistling thorn," is a popular ornamental plant and is also used for medicinal purposes in some countries. The plant can be propagated by various means, depending on the availability of resources and the expected outcome.
Propagation by Seeds
The easiest and most commonly used method of propagation of Opilia Celtidifolia var. Tomentella is by seeds. The seeds of the plant are small and require a well-draining soil mix for better germination rates. Sow the seeds in a pot or seed tray and cover with a thin layer of soil mix. Keep the soil moist and place the pot or tray in a warm, bright location away from direct sunlight. The seeds usually germinate within two to four weeks, and once the seedlings reach a suitable size, they can be transplanted into larger pots or the garden bed.
Propagation by Cuttings
The propagation of Opilia Celtidifolia var. Tomentella can also be done by stem cuttings. Take a mature stem, about six inches long, and make a clean cut just below a node. Remove the leaves from the lower two-thirds of the stem, leaving only a few leaves at the top. Dip the cut end in rooting hormone and plant it in a well-draining soil mix. Keep the soil moist, and the cutting should root within three to four weeks. Once the new plant has rooted, it can be transplanted into a larger pot or the garden bed.
Propagation by Layering
Layering can also be used to propagate Opilia Celtidifolia var. Tomentella. Choose a low hanging branch and make a slight cut on the underside of the branch. Bend the branch slightly and secure it to the soil using a wire. Cover the cut area with soil and keep it moist. Within a few weeks, roots will start to form, and a new plant will emerge. Once the new plant has developed, it can be cut from the parent plant and transplanted into a larger pot or the garden bed.
Disease and Pest Management for Opilia Celtidifolia var. Tomentella
Opilia Celtidifolia var. Tomentella, commonly known as the False Mistletoe, is a plant that is susceptible to several diseases and pests. Here are some of the common diseases and pests and how to manage them:
Diseases:
Leaf Spot
Leaf spot is caused by fungal pathogens that attack the leaves of the plant, causing circular or irregular-shaped spots. To manage this disease, remove the infected leaves and dispose of them properly. Applying a fungicide to the plant can also help manage the disease, but make sure to use the fungicide according to the instructions provided on the label.
Powdery Mildew
Powdery mildew is a fungal disease that affects the leaves, stems, and flowers of the plant. It is characterized by a powdery white substance on the surface of the plant. To manage this disease, remove the infected parts of the plant and dispose of them. Spray a fungicide on the plant as directed on the label.
Root Rot
Root rot is a fungal disease caused by overwatering, poor soil drainage, or soil-borne pathogens. The first sign of root rot is yellowing of leaves, wilting, and stunted growth. To manage root rot, ensure the plant has proper drainage and do not overwater. If the infection is severe, remove the plant or the affected parts of the roots.
Pests:
Aphids
Aphids are tiny sap-sucking pests that can cause distorted growth and yellowing of leaves. To manage aphids, spray the plant with a strong jet of water or a mixture of water and soap. Another option is to introduce natural predators like ladybugs and lacewings that feed on aphids and can help manage the pest problem.
Spider Mites
Spider mites are another sap-sucking pest that can cause discoloration and wilting of leaves and webs on the plant. To manage spider mites, avoid overwatering the plant as they thrive in humid conditions. Spray the plant with insecticidal soap or use predatory mites that feed on spider mites.
Scale Insects
Scale insects are small pests that attach themselves to the stems and leaves of the plant, sucking the sap and causing yellowing and wilting of leaves. To manage scale insects, use a soft brush or cloth to remove them from the plant. Alternatively, spray the plant with a horticultural oil that suffocates the pest.
Regular maintenance, monitoring the plant for any signs of diseases or pests, and taking proactive measures to manage these problems can help ensure the healthy growth and development of Opilia Celtidifolia var. Tomentella.
