Overview
Ophioglossum pycnostichum, commonly known as the western adder's-tongue fern or Alpine adder's tongue, is a species of fern that belongs to the family Ophioglossaceae. It is native to North America, found primarily in the western United States and Canada.
Description
This fern is small in size, growing only up to six inches tall. It has a single frond that is triangular and heavily divided, with many small leaflets arranged in rows on either side of a central stalk. The leaflets are oblong in shape and dark green in color, and the fronds arise from a short underground stem called a corm.
Common names
In addition to its scientific name, Ophioglossum pycnostichum is known by a number of common names, including western adder's-tongue fern and Alpine adder's tongue.
Uses
While not commonly used for medicinal purposes, Ophioglossum pycnostichum has been used in some Native American traditions to treat a variety of ailments. The corms of the fern are said to have antispasmodic and sedative properties, and were used to treat bronchial and pulmonary disorders. The fern is also considered a delicacy in some regions, and is eaten raw or cooked as a vegetable.
In addition to its medicinal and culinary uses, Ophioglossum pycnostichum is commonly used in horticulture for its aesthetic appeal. Its unique appearance and small size make it a popular choice for rock gardens and other landscaping applications.
Light Requirements
Ophioglossum pycnostichum requires a moderate amount of light to grow properly. It prefers bright, indirect light, such as that found in a shaded area outdoors or near a window with filtered light indoors. Direct sunlight can be harmful, and too little light can cause the plant to become pale and stunted.
Temperature Requirements
This fern prefers temperatures between 60-75°F (15-24°C). It can tolerate slightly cooler temperatures, but should not be exposed to freezing temperatures or extreme heat. It is recommended to keep the fern away from cold drafts and air conditioning vents, as they can cause temperature fluctuations that may harm the plant.
Soil Requirements
Ophioglossum pycnostichum grows best in a slightly acidic soil with good drainage. A peat-based potting mix works well, and adding perlite or coarse sand can improve drainage. The soil should be kept consistently moist, but not waterlogged. Watering when the top inch of soil feels dry is usually sufficient.
Cultivation
Ophioglossum pycnostichum, also known as the bog adder's tongue fern, is native to wetlands and boggy areas. To cultivate this plant, it is essential to replicate its natural habitat.
Start with selecting a location that is consistently moist, with a pH level between 4.5 to 5.5, and partial shade. This fern grows in a shallow rhizome, so use a deep pot or tray with ample room for the rhizome to spread.
Fill the pot with a mix of peat moss, perlite, and sand or loam. Repot this fern annually in early summer using fresh soil and a larger pot.
Watering Needs
The Ophioglossum pycnostichum fern prefers moist and wet soil, so water this plant often to keep the soil damp. Ensure that the plant is not sitting in water as this can cause the roots to rot.
It is best to water the fern early in the morning or in the evening. During the winter months, reduce watering frequency and only water when the top layer of soil is dry to the touch.
Fertilization
This fern does not require frequent fertilization. Adding slow-release fertilizers to the soil mix during repotting is enough to sustain it for the year. However, if the fern appears pale or stunted, add liquid fertilizers to its water every four weeks during the growing season.
Pruning
Pruning the Ophioglossum pycnostichum fern is not necessary. However, removing any yellow or dead fronds helps to keep the plant healthy.
Ensure that you trim out the injured fronds without infecting the healthy plant tissue or roots. It is best to use clean, sharp shears or scissors to prevent any damage to the plant.
Propagation of Ophioglossum pycnostichum
Ophioglossum pycnostichum, commonly known as Fern, can be propagated through various methods such as spores, bulbils, and division.
Propagation through spores
Spores are tiny single-celled structures that are produced in large quantities by the mature fern. These spores can be used for reproduction, and they can be collected and grown into new plants.
To propagate using spores, collect the spores by cutting a frond with mature sporangia and placing it in a paper bag. Shake the bag gently to release the spores. Sow the spores on a sterile growing medium such as a mixture of peat moss and perlite and keep them in a warm, humid environment. After a few weeks, the spores will germinate into small, green, heart-shaped plants.
Propagation through bulbils
Ophioglossum pycnostichum also produces bulbils, which are small bulb-like structures that grow at the base of the fronds. These bulbils can be used to propagate new plants.
To propagate using bulbils, carefully detach the bulbils from the parent plant and plant them in a potting mix. Keep the soil moist and in indirect sunlight until the bulbils have developed roots and shoots. Once they have matured, transplant them into individual pots.
Propagation through division
Another method of propagation is through division, which involves dividing the parent plant into smaller sections and growing them separately.
To propagate using division, carefully remove the mature fern from the soil and divide the rhizomes into smaller sections, each with its root system. Plant each section in a potting mix and keep the soil moist and in indirect sunlight. Once the plants have developed roots and shoots, transplant them into individual pots.
Disease and Pest Management for Ophioglossum pycnostichum (Fern.) A.& D. Löve
Ophioglossum pycnostichum, commonly known as the Slimleaf Adder's Tongue Fern, is a delicate plant that might be vulnerable to several pests and diseases. To ensure that the plant is healthy and growing well, it is crucial to take appropriate measures for pest and disease management.
Common Diseases Affecting Ophioglossum pycnostichum
One of the common diseases that might affect Ophioglossum pycnostichum is fungal infection. Fungal growth is favoured by high humidity conditions, and if left unchecked, it can cause root and stem rot, which can be fatal to the plant. Hence, it is essential to monitor the plant's environment by ensuring proper lighting, air circulation and avoiding overwatering.
Another disease that might impact the plant is bacterial infection. Bacterial growth on the wet foliage causes leaf spot, leaf blight and yellowing of the leaves. To prevent bacterial infection, it is always best to use sterilized equipment for pruning and sterilize greenhouse tools after each use to prevent contamination.
Common Pests Affecting Ophioglossum pycnostichum
One of the common pests that might affect the Slimleaf Adder's Tongue fern is mealybugs. They feed on the plant's sap and cause stunted growth, yellowing of leaves and plant death. You can use insecticides, insecticidal soaps, and horticulture oil to manage the mealybugs by regularly spraying and wiping the foliage off the plant.
Another pest that affects the plant is spider mites. They can cause leaf discolouration, curling, and loss of plant vigour. If caught early, spider mites can be quickly eliminated using insecticidal soaps or horticulture oils. However, if it's a severe infestation, you might need to isolate the infected plant, cut off the infected leaves and prune out the infested areas to prevent further spread.
Conclusion
Ophioglossum pycnostichum is an attractive plant that requires adequate care to keep it healthy and growing well. Identifying and managing pests and diseases early are crucial to ensure the plant's longevity and beauty.
