Overview
Oncidium altissimum (Jacq.) Sw. is a species of orchid that belongs to the Oncidium genus. The plant is native to Central and South America and is known for its beautiful flowers, making it a popular ornamental plant. This species is commonly known as the Tall Oncidium due to the long flower spikes it produces.
Appearance
The Tall Oncidium has pseudobulbs, which are swollen stems that store nutrients for the plant. The leaves are thin and elongated, growing up to 30 cm in length. The plant produces tall, thin stems that bear multiple flower spikes which can grow up to 1 meter in height in some cases. Each spike bears numerous small, bright yellow flowers with red spots, which are fragrant.
Uses
As a popular ornamental plant, Oncidium altissimum is often cultivated for its fragrant and beautiful flowers. It is commonly used in flower arrangements, as well as in corsages and boutonnieres. Additionally, some cultures use the plant for medicinal purposes as it is believed to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
Common Names
Aside from the Tall Oncidium, this species is also known by other common names such as Dancing Lady, Golden Shower Orchid, and Gypsy Kiss.
Light Conditions
Oncidium altissimum is native to tropical regions and requires bright, indirect sunlight for optimal growth. It should be placed in an east or west-facing window to receive adequate light. Direct sunlight should be avoided as it can scorch the leaves.
Temperature Requirements
Oncidium altissimum thrives in warm temperatures between 18°C to 28°C. It can tolerate temperatures as low as 10°C but should be protected from frost. Daytime temperatures should not exceed 32°C as it can cause damage to the plant.
Soil Requirements
Oncidium altissimum should be potted in a well-draining mix such as a mixture of fir bark, sphagnum moss and perlite. The pH level of the soil should be between 5.5 and 6.5 to ensure optimal growth. The pot should have a sufficient number of drainage holes to allow excess water to drain out.
Cultivation Methods for Oncidium Altissimum
Oncidium Altissimum is a beautiful orchid species that grows naturally in tropical regions of South and Central America. It needs a warm and humid environment to thrive. Hence, it is essential to replicate these conditions to grow the plant successfully. The plant requires a well-draining potting mix that retains some moisture.
It is best to plant the Oncidium Altissimum during the warm season when the temperature is between 20-30°C. The plant needs good air circulation, so it is best to place it where there is some wind and good ventilation, but it should be protected from direct sunlight.
Watering Needs for Oncidium Altissimum
Oncidium Altissimum requires regular watering. Since it is a tropical plant, it needs a lot of moisture to thrive. However, too much water can rot the roots. Hence, it is best to water the plant when the top inch of the soil is dry to the touch. The frequency of watering may vary depending on the humidity and temperature of the area.
The plant requires more water during the warm season and less during the colder seasons. It is advisable to water the plant in the morning to allow enough time for the foliage to dry off before the cooler nights set in. Overhead watering is the best method for Oncidium Altissimum since it allows the plant to absorb moisture from the air as well.
Fertilization for Oncidium Altissimum
Oncidium Altissimum needs regular feeding to maintain healthy growth and produce beautiful blooms. It is advisable to feed the plant once or twice a month with a balanced fertilizer, mainly during the growing season. The fertilizer should contain sufficient amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium.
The plant can also benefit from occasional foliar feeding in addition to the regular root feeding. Foliar feeding is an effective way of providing nutrients to the plant through the leaves. Always follow the directions on the label for both root and foliar feeding.
Pruning Oncidium Altissimum
Oncidium Altissimum requires minimal pruning, and only the dead or damaged parts of the plant require removal. It is essential to remove the damaged leaves, stems, and sheaths to prevent diseases and pests from taking over. Pruning is best done in the spring when the plant starts to grow again.
Moreover, when the bloom cycle is over, it is best to cut the spike to the base to allow the plant to focus its energy on new growth. However, if the spike is still healthy and has some buds, it can be left to bloom again. Pruning must be done with a sharp, sterile tool to prevent infections.
Propagation of Oncidium altissimum (Jacq.) Sw.
Oncidium altissimum (Jacq.) Sw. can be propagated through various methods such as division, backbulbs, and seed propagation.
Division
Division is the most common method of propagation for Oncidium altissimum (Jacq.) Sw. It involves separating the plant into two or more smaller sections, each with its own growth points and root system. This should be done during the plant's dormant period, which typically occurs in early spring.
To divide the plant, gently lift it out of the pot and remove any dead or damaged roots. Then use a sharp, sterile knife to cut the plant into sections, making sure that each section has at least one growth point and a few healthy roots. Plant each section in its own pot with fresh potting mix and water well.
Backbulbs
Backbulbs are the small, older bulbs that can be found towards the back of the plant. These bulbs may not be flowering, but they are still capable of producing new growth and can be used for propagation if carefully removed from the mother plant. To propagate using backbulbs:
- Remove the backbulbs from the plant
- Plant each bulb in a small pot with fresh potting mix
- Place the pots in a warm, well-lit area and water regularly, making sure the soil stays moist but not waterlogged
- New growth should appear within a few months, and the bulbs may begin to flower in one to two years.
Seed propagation
Seed propagation is a more involved process, and may not always produce plants with the same characteristics as the parent. To propagate Oncidium altissimum (Jacq.) Sw. via seed:
- Collect seed pods from a mature plant and allow them to dry out for a few days.
- Sow the seeds in a seed tray filled with a mixture of sphagnum moss and perlite or vermiculite. It's important to use a sterile mix to prevent fungal growth or disease.
- Place the seed tray in a warm, well-lit area, but out of direct sunlight. Cover the tray with a clear plastic dome or wrap it with plastic wrap to create a humid environment for the seeds.
- Mist the seeds regularly with a spray bottle to keep the moss damp, but not waterlogged.
- After a few weeks, the seedlings should start to emerge. Once they have developed a few leaves, transplant them to individual pots with fresh potting mix.
- Provide proper care for the seedlings, including regular watering, fertilization, and pest management.
Disease Management:
Oncidium altissimum is susceptible to various leaf spot diseases caused by fungal pathogens such as Colletotrichum and Alternaria species. These diseases can be managed by ensuring proper growing conditions such as adequate light, ventilation, and reducing humidity levels. Chemical control can also be used by applying fungicides such as copper-based products or systemic fungicides if necessary, following the manufacturer's instructions.
Another disease that affects Oncidium plants is bacterial soft rot. This disease can cause wilting, yellowing, and blackening of the leaves, followed by the collapse of the plant. The best management option is to prevent the spread of the disease by removing and destroying infected plants and avoiding over-watering or creating wounds that can promote bacterial invasion.
Pest Management:
Some of the common pests that affect Oncidium altissimum include spider mites, scale insects, and mealybugs. Regular monitoring of the plants is crucial to detect any infestations early. Infested plants can be treated by washing them with a gentle stream of water or by spraying them with insecticidal soap or neem oil. Organic options such as using predators like ladybugs or entomopathogenic nematodes can also be effective at controlling pest populations.
In addition, Oncidium plants are vulnerable to snail and slug attacks, which can cause significant damage to the leaves and flowers. Manual removal of snails or slugs can be a suitable option for small-scale infestations. Barriers made of copper tape around the base of the pot can help prevent them from climbing onto the plant. Alternatively, baits containing iron phosphate can be used to control snail and slug populations.
