Origin
Oldenlandia thymifolia (Presl) Kuntze is a flowering plant in the Rubiaceae family, native to tropical regions of Africa, Asia, and Australia. It is commonly found growing in open fields, wastelands, and along roadsides.
Common Names
Oldenlandia thymifolia is known by various common names, including dhania panjiri in Hindi, Shokhara in Bengali, pakhikanta in Assamese, and burmese-cherry in English.
Uses
Oldenlandia thymifolia has been used in traditional medicine to treat a variety of ailments, such as fever, diarrhea, and bacterial infections. The plant is known to have antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties, which make it useful in treating skin infections and wounds. Oldenlandia thymifolia has also been used in Ayurvedic medicine to stimulate digestion and alleviate stomach pain.
Additionally, the plant has been used in Southeast Asian cuisine as an ingredient in salads, curries, and stir-fries. In Myanmar, the fruit of the plant is used to make a sweet and sour sauce that is served with fish and meat dishes.
General Appearance
Oldenlandia thymifolia is a small, perennial herb that typically grows up to 30 centimeters tall. The plant has thin, wiry stems that are covered with fine hairs. The leaves are oval-shaped, small, and arranged opposite each other on the stem. The flowers are small and white, with four to five petals, and are borne in clusters at the tips of the stems. The fruit of the plant is a small, red, fleshy berry that is edible and tastes sweet and sour.
Growth Conditions for Oldenlandia thymifolia
Oldenlandia thymifolia is a herbaceous plant that typically grows in tropical regions. It is found in many parts of India, Australia, Africa, and South America.
Light Requirements
Oldenlandia thymifolia requires full sun and partial shade to grow properly. In its natural habitat, it grows under the canopy of other plants that provide some shade. Therefore, it can tolerate some shade, but it needs adequate sunlight for photosynthesis and growth.
Soil Requirements
Oldenlandia thymifolia prefers well-drained soil that is rich in organic matter. It grows best in soils that are slightly acidic to neutral with a pH range of 5.6-7.5. The plant can tolerate a wide range of soil types, including sandy, loamy, and clay soils. However, it does not grow well in water-logged or poorly-drained soils.
Temperature Requirements
Oldenlandia thymifolia thrives in warm temperatures and is sensitive to frost. The plant does not tolerate cold temperatures below 10°C. Its ideal temperature range is between 20-35°C. This plant can grow in various altitudes ranging from sea level to up to 1800 meters above the sea level.
Water Requirements
Oldenlandia thymifolia requires moderate watering. It can tolerate short periods of drought but does not grow well in waterlogged soils. It needs regular watering when grown in containers or during long periods of drought. Over-watering can lead to root rot and plant death.
Fertilizer Requirements
Oldenlandia thymifolia does not require too much fertilization. You can mix some organic compost with the soil before planting the seedlings. A light application of fertilizer at the beginning of each growing season can also help stimulate growth, but too much fertilizer can cause the plant to produce fewer flowers.
Propagation
Oldenlandia thymifolia can be propagated from seeds or cuttings. Seeds should be planted in well-drained soil during the beginning of the growing season. Cuttings should be made from young shoots and placed in a well-draining rooting medium. The cuttings can then be planted directly in the soil once they have developed roots.
Cultivation Methods
Oldenlandia thymifolia is a relatively low maintenance plant. It can be grown in both indoor and outdoor settings. If grown for indoor decoration, it is essential to expose the plant to enough light, at least 4 to 6 hours per day. Outdoors, the plant does well in well-drained soil.
The ideal propagation method is by seeds sowed in loamy soil. The seedlings typically take two to four weeks to germinate. After germination, it is advisable to transplant seedlings to bigger containers or garden beds. When transplanting, include organic matter to improve soil fertility. The plant can tolerate a wide range of soil pH levels, from mildly acidic to mildly alkaline.
Watering Needs
Oldenlandia thymifolia requires moderate watering when planted in soil, especially during hot seasons. This is because the plant's moderate roots do not absorb enough water, and an excess of it can cause root rot. Watering should be done when the soil feels dry to the touch. In contrast, when the plant is grown in a container, it receives less water since containers are prone to waterlogging. It is important to avoid over-watering and under-watering the plant.
Fertilization
The plant does not require frequent fertilization. Fertilizer application should be done twice per year, in spring and late summer. Use a balanced fertilizer mixture, one with equal proportions of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. This helps to ensure optimal plant growth and development.
Pruning
Oldenlandia thymifolia is not a demanding plant when it comes to pruning. However, pruning is essential to maintain the plant's optimal shape and promote blooming. When the plant becomes too woody and leggy, it is time to prune. Focus on removing old, damaged, or insect-infested stems. However, avoid over-pruning, as new stems may take time to grow to their full potential again.
Propagation of Oldenlandia thymifolia
Oldenlandia thymifolia is a popular medicinal plant belonging to the Rubiaceae family. The plant is propagated through different methods, including:
Seed propagation
Seeds of Oldenlandia thymifolia can be collected from plants and sown either directly in pots or in seed trays filled with well-draining soil. After sowing, the seeds should be covered with a thin layer of soil and kept moist. Germination typically takes about 2-3 weeks, and seedlings can be transplanted into individual pots once they are large enough.
Cuttings propagation
Oldenlandia thymifolia can also be propagated via stem cuttings. Cuttings of young, healthy shoots about 5-10 cm long are taken in the spring or early summer and planted in pots filled with a well-draining soil mixture. The cuttings should be kept moist, and rooting should occur within 3-4 weeks. Once rooted, the cuttings can be transferred to individual pots.
Division propagation
Oldenlandia thymifolia can also be propagated through division. Established plants can be divided into smaller sections, each containing some roots and shoots, and replanted in individual pots or in the ground. This method is typically done in the spring or fall when the plant is not actively growing.
Disease and Pest Management for Oldenlandia thymifolia
Oldenlandia thymifolia is a hardy plant that is relatively resistant to diseases and pests. However, there are still some common issues that may affect this plant, including:
Diseases
Root Rot: Root rot is a condition caused by fungi that thrive in damp soil. It can lead to the death of the plant if left untreated. To prevent root rot, avoid overwatering and ensure proper drainage of the soil. If root rot has already set in, you will need to remove the affected parts of the plant and treat the soil with a fungicide.
Powdery Mildew: Powdery mildew is a common fungal disease that affects many plants, including Oldenlandia thymifolia. It causes white powdery growth on the leaves, stems, and flowers. To prevent powdery mildew, ensure adequate air circulation around the plant and avoid overhead watering. If powdery mildew has already set in, treat it with a fungicide.
Pests
Aphids: Aphids are a common pest that can be easily identified by the presence of small green or black insects on the plant's leaves and stems. They suck sap from the plant, causing damage and weakness. To manage aphids, spray the plant with a strong jet of water to dislodge them or use an insecticide.
Spider Mites: Spider mites are tiny pests that can be identified by the presence of fine webbing on the plant's leaves. They suck sap from the plant, leading to wilting and yellowing of the leaves. To manage spider mites, spray the plant with water and insecticidal soap.
Thrips: Thrips are tiny insects that pierce the plant's leaves and suck sap from the plant. They cause yellowing and distortion of the leaves and can transmit viruses to the plant. To manage thrips, use insecticidal soap or neem oil.
In conclusion, it is important to regularly inspect Oldenlandia thymifolia for signs of diseases and pests. Early detection and treatment can prevent further damage and ensure the longevity of your plant.
