Origin
Ocimum obovatum E.Mey. ex Benth. subsp. cordatum (A.J.Paton) A.J.Paton is a subspecies of the plant species Ocimum obovatum. It is native to Southern Africa and can be found in countries such as Botswana, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland, and Zimbabwe.
Common Names
It is commonly known as the Cordate-leaved basil or Heart-leaved basil.
Uses
Cordate-leaved basil is well-known for its medicinal and culinary properties. The leaves of the plant are used to treat various ailments such as coughs, colds, and fever. It is also believed to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. In cooking, the leaves are used to add flavor to dishes such as pastas, salads, and soups.
General Appearance
The Cordate-leaved basil plant is a perennial plant that grows up to 60 cm in height. It has a woody stem which is slightly hairy. The leaves are green and heart-shaped, with a glossy appearance and serrated edges. The plant produces small white flowers and the fruit is a tiny nutlet. Overall, the plant has a pleasant aroma which is similar to the aroma of other species within the Ocimum genus.
Light Conditions
Ocimum obovatum E.Mey. ex Benth. subsp. cordatum (A.J.Paton) A.J.Paton is best suited to grow in full sunlight. Therefore, it is ideal for outdoor cultivation where it can receive direct sunlight throughout the day. It can also grow in partial shade, but it will require more care, and the quality of the plant may diminish.
Temperature Conditions
Ocimum obovatum E.Mey. ex Benth. subsp. cordatum (A.J.Paton) A.J.Paton can tolerate a range of temperatures, but it prefers warm temperatures that range between 21-28°C. To ensure the plant is healthy and growing, it is important to protect it from frost or extreme cold weather conditions. Thus, indoor cultivation is recommended when temperatures are low.
Soil Requirements
The Ocimum obovatum E.Mey. ex Benth. subsp. cordatum (A.J.Paton) A.J.Paton requires well-drained soil that is rich in organic matter. It is also essential to ensure that the soil is slightly acidic, with a pH range between 6.0 - 7.5, to create an optimal growing environment for the plant. If the soil is too alkaline, it may lead to poor growth and root rot. Therefore, it is recommended to fertilize the soil with a balanced fertilizer to encourage growth and improve soil quality.
Cultivation methods
Ocimum obovatum E.Mey. ex Benth. subsp. cordatum (A.J.Paton) A.J.Paton is a perennial plant that is native to South Africa. It is commonly known as the Heart-leaf Basil. This plant thrives in areas with bright sunlight and warm temperatures. Therefore, it's best to cultivate it in a greenhouse or a sunny window that receives at least six hours of direct sunlight every day. It grows well in well-draining soil with a pH level of 6.0 to 7.5.
Watering needs
The Heart-leaf Basil plant requires moderate watering. Water it once a week or whenever the topsoil layers feel dry. Avoid overwatering as it can cause root rot and other damages. On the other hand, under-watering may cause the plant to wilt and eventually die. At the beginning of its growth, you should water it more regularly to encourage fast growth.
Fertilization
Fertilize the Heart-leaf Basil plant fortnightly during its growing season with a balanced fertilizer. A balanced fertilizer with an equal proportion of Nitrogen, Phosphorous, and Potassium (NPK 10-10-10) is ideal for the plant's growth. Follow the manufacturer's instructions and avoid over-fertilization as it may cause some problems such as root-burn.
Pruning
Pruning Ocimum obovatum E.Mey. ex Benth. subsp. cordatum (A.J.Paton) A.J.Paton ensure that the plant maintains its shape, promotes its growth, and prevents disease. Prune the stem tips regularly to encourage bushy growth. Pinch the leaves and flowers as they appear to prevent the plant from producing seeds which can cause stress to the plant's system. Pruning also helps to control pests and diseases such as mildew and stem rot. Remove any damaged or diseased leaves and stems to keep the plant healthy.
Propagation of Ocimum obovatum E.Mey. ex Benth. subsp. cordatum (A.J.Paton) A.J.Paton
Ocimum obovatum E.Mey. ex Benth. subsp. cordatum (A.J.Paton) A.J.Paton, also known as African basil, can be propagated using various methods. Here are some common propagation methods:
Seed Propagation
The easiest way to propagate Ocimum obovatum is through seed propagation. The seeds can be sown directly in the soil or started indoors in trays. The best time to sow the seeds is during the spring or summer months. The soil should be kept moist, and the seeds should germinate within 1-2 weeks.
Stem Cutting Propagation
Stem cutting propagation is another method to propagate Ocimum obovatum. Take a stem cutting of about 6-8 inches long and remove the leaves from the bottom part of the stem. Dip the cut ends in rooting hormone and plant them in well-draining soil. Keep the soil moist and warm, and the cuttings should root within 2-3 weeks.
Division Propagation
Division propagation involves dividing the plant into smaller sections and planting them separately. This method is best done during the spring when the plant is coming out of dormancy. Carefully dig up the plant and separate the clumps into smaller sections, each with its own roots. Replant the sections into well-draining soil and keep the soil moist until the new growth starts to appear.
Propagation of Ocimum obovatum can be done using any of the above methods. However, it is essential to provide the plant with the right growing conditions, such as well-draining soil, adequate sunlight, and moisture. With proper care, the plant will thrive and propagate easily, providing a bountiful harvest of fragrant leaves and flowers.
Disease Management
Ocimum obovatum subsp. cordatum is generally a healthy plant. However, as with any plant species, it can be affected by various diseases.
Leaf Spots
Leaf spots are caused by various fungi and bacteria, and they appear as small brown or black spots on the plant's leaves. The best way to manage leaf spots is by removing infected leaves and destroying them. If the condition continues to worsen, chemical fungicides can be applied.
Powdery Mildew
Powdery mildew is a fungal disease that affects the plant's leaves and stems. It appears as a white powdery substance on the plant's surface. The best way to manage powdery mildew is by improving air circulation and reducing humidity around the plant. Fungicides may also be used.
Pest Management
Ocimum obovatum subsp. cordatum is not known to be affected by pests. However, there are some common pests that may attack the plant:
Aphids
Aphids are small, soft-bodied insects that feed on the plant's sap. They cause stunted growth and distorted leaves. The best way to manage aphids is by using insecticidal soap or neem oil. Beneficial insects like ladybugs and lacewings can also be introduced to help control aphids.
Spider Mites
Spider mites are tiny arachnids that feed on the plant's sap. They cause yellowing and stippling on the leaves. The best way to manage spider mites is by spraying the plant with water to increase humidity and using insecticidal soap or neem oil. Beneficial mites can also be introduced to control the spider mites.
