Overview of Ocimum glabrifolium De Wild.
Ocimum glabrifolium De Wild., commonly known as the smooth leafed basil or African basil, is a herbaceous plant native to Central and West Africa. The plant belongs to the family Lamiaceae, the same family as mint and sage.
General Appearance
The smooth leafed basil is a perennial multi-stemmed plant that grows up to 1m tall. The erect branches are green or purple in color and have a square shape. The leaves are simple, opposite, and can range from 2-10cm long. The leaves, as the name suggests, are smooth and lack hairs, unlike other basil species. The flowers are small, white or purple, and grow in inflorescences called spikes.
Uses of Ocimum glabrifolium De Wild.
In traditional medicine, Ocimum glabrifolium De Wild. has been used to treat various ailments such as fever, stomach disorders, and respiratory problems. The essential oil from the plant is said to have potent antimicrobial, antifungal, and antioxidant properties.
The smooth leafed basil is also used as a culinary herb in some African countries, particularly in Cameroon and Nigeria. The aromatic leaves are used to flavor soups, stews, and sauces. The plant is also used as a natural insect repellent and is sometimes planted around houses to keep mosquitoes away.
In addition to its medicinal and culinary uses, the smooth leafed basil is also appreciated for its ornamental value, with its attractive purple stems and glossy green leaves making it a popular choice for gardeners and herbalists alike.
Growth Conditions for Ocimum glabrifolium De Wild.
Ocimum glabrifolium De Wild. is a perennial herb of the family Lamiaceae commonly found in Central Africa. It typically grows in open vegetation, forests, and on riverbanks. It often grows in areas with disturbed soils and can tolerate semi-shade to full sunlight.
Light Requirements
Ocimum glabrifolium De Wild. can tolerate a wide range of light conditions. However, it grows best under full sunlight. In areas with hot climates, the plant can benefit from some shading in the afternoon to protect it from harsh sun rays.
Temperature Requirements
Ocimum glabrifolium De Wild. grows best in warm to hot temperatures between 22°C to 30°C. It can also tolerate temperatures as high as 35°C. In areas with cooler climates, the plant can survive but may experience slower growth rate and may not produce as many flowers.
Soil Requirements
The plant prefers well-drained moist soils with a pH of 6.5 to 7.5. However, it can tolerate a wide range of soil types, including sandy, loamy, and clay soils. The addition of organic matter to the soil can help improve the growth of the plant. It is also important to note that the plant can grow in areas with poor soils but may require some fertilization to improve growth and yield.
Cultivation Method for Ocimum glabrifolium De Wild.
Ocimum glabrifolium De Wild., commonly known as smooth-leaved basil, is a hardy annual plant that thrives in warm temperatures and well-drained soil. It is relatively easy to cultivate and can be grown both in the open field or in containers.
The best time to plant Ocimum glabrifolium De Wild. is during the spring after the last frost, when the soil has warmed up. Sow the seeds in a sunny location with rich, well-drained soil, either directly into the ground or in a container. Cover the seeds lightly with soil, and water thoroughly.
Watering Needs of Ocimum glabrifolium De Wild.
Watering is essential for the growth and development of Ocimum glabrifolium De Wild. The plant requires regular watering but avoid overwatering to prevent waterlogging that can cause root rot. Water the plant thoroughly but only when the soil is dry to the touch. During the hot, dry periods, more frequent watering may be necessary to prevent the plant from wilting.
Fertilization of Ocimum glabrifolium De Wild.
Ocimum glabrifolium De Wild. requires regular fertilization to ensure optimal growth and development. Use a balanced fertilizer with equal proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, and apply according to the manufacturer's instructions. Alternatively, organic fertilizers such as compost, aged manure, or fish emulsion can be used.
Apply the fertilizer to the soil before planting, or as a topdressing after the seedlings have emerged. Be careful not to apply too much fertilizer as this can lead to burning of the plant.
Pruning of Ocimum glabrifolium De Wild.
Pruning plays an essential role in the growth and development of Ocimum glabrifolium De Wild. It helps to promote branching, encourage bushy growth, and prevent the plant from becoming leggy.
Prune the plant by pinching off the tips of the stems when the plant reaches a height of about 6 inches. Repeat the process every few weeks or when necessary to encourage the growth of new shoots. Harvest the leaves regularly to promote further growth and stimulate the production of essential oils.
Propagation of Ocimum glabrifolium De Wild.
Ocimum glabrifolium De Wild., commonly known as smooth-leaved basil, is an herbaceous plant that belongs to the family Lamiaceae. It is native to tropical Africa, where it grows in open forests, bushlands, and grasslands. The plant is primarily propagated through seeds and cuttings.
Propagation through Seeds
The seeds of Ocimum glabrifolium De Wild. can be directly sown into well-drained soil in a warm and sunny location. The soil should be kept moist but not waterlogged. The best time to sow the seeds is in the spring when the soil temperature is around 20-25°C. The seeds will germinate in about 7-14 days depending on the conditions. Once the seedlings have two or three true leaves, they can be transplanted into individual pots or a larger container.
Propagation through Cuttings
Cuttings can be taken from an established plant of Ocimum glabrifolium De Wild. Cuttings should be taken from the tips of the stem, and they should be about 4-6 inches long. Remove the leaves from the lower one-third of the cutting and dip the cut end into a rooting hormone powder before planting it in well-drained soil. Keep the soil moist and the cutting in a warm location with indirect sunlight. The cutting should root in about 2-3 weeks. Once the cutting has rooted, it can be transplanted into individual pots or a larger container.
Propagation through division is not recommended for Ocimum glabrifolium De Wild. as the plant has a deep tap root which makes it difficult to divide.
Disease Management:
Ocimum glabrifolium De Wild. commonly known as African basil or wild basil is susceptible to various fungal, viral and bacterial diseases that can significantly impact its growth and yield. Here are some of the common diseases that affect the plant and their management strategies:
Fusarium Wilt:
Fusarium wilt is a common vascular disease caused by the soil-borne fungus Fusarium oxysporum that affects the plant's roots. The disease initially causes the leaves to wilt and yellow, followed by stunted growth and total plant death. To manage the disease, it is important to plant disease-free seeds or seedlings, rotate crops, and practice good sanitation in the garden. Applying fungicides recommended for fusarium wilt management can also help contain the disease.
Powdery mildew:
Powdery mildew is a fungal disease that affects the plant's leaves and other aerial parts. The disease initially manifests as white powdery spots on the leaves, which can later turn yellow or brown and become distorted. Management strategies for powdery mildew include regular pruning of affected plant parts, providing adequate spacing between plants, enhancing air circulation, and properly watering the plants. Fungicides like sulfur and neem oil can also be used to manage the disease.
Pest Management:
Ocimum glabrifolium De Wild. is also prone to various pests that can cause significant damage to the plant. Here are some common pests and their management strategies:
Aphids:
Aphids are small insects that suck the plant's sap, causing stunted growth and leaf yellowing. They can also transmit viral diseases to the plant. One way to manage aphids is by encouraging beneficial insects like ladybirds and lacewings that feed on them. Spraying insecticidal soap or neem oil can also help reduce aphid populations.
Cutworms:
Cutworms are caterpillars that cut the plant's stems at the soil level, causing them to wilt and eventually die. To manage cutworms, it is advisable to remove weeds and debris in the garden, till the soil before planting, and apply biological control agents like Bacillus thuringiensis or Steinernema feltiae. Crop rotation can also help reduce the incidence of cutworms in the garden.
Implementing these disease and pest management practices is crucial for ensuring a healthy and productive Ocimum glabrifolium De Wild. plant. By keeping the plant free from diseases and pests, farmers can increase their yield and income, which is crucial for sustainable food production.
