Origin
Ocimum albostellatum (Verdc.) A.J.Paton, commonly known as White star basil, is a herbaceous plant species that belongs to the family Lamiaceae. It is native to the East African region, particularly in Ethiopia, Kenya, and Tanzania.
Common Names
Aside from White star basil, this plant is also known by many other common names including Hohorita, Jemhjema, Kichaka cha maji, Mafiga, Mafuta ya Nguruwe, Minguito, Mti wa virila, and Mwinuka.
Uses
Ocimum albostellatum has numerous medicinal uses. In traditional medicine, the plant is used to treat various ailments such as cough, colds, fever, stomachaches, and as an anti-inflammatory agent. The leaves of the plant are used to extract essential oils which are used in aromatherapy, particularly for stress relief and relaxation. White star basil is also an important source of food for people and animals in East Africa. The leaves are used in various dishes as a spice to add flavor and aroma to meals.
General Appearance
Ocimum albostellatum is a small herbaceous plant that grows up to 30cm in height. It has a woody stem that is often reddish-brown in color, with numerous branches that support the foliage. The leaves are oval to lanceolate in shape, dark green in color, and have a slightly hairy texture. The plant produces white flowers that form in clusters at the tips of the branches. The flowers are small, about 2mm in size, and have a star-like shape.
Light Requirements
Ocimum albostellatum is a tropical plant that thrives well in bright light conditions. It prefers full sunlight but can also tolerate partial shade. If grown indoors, place the plant in a well-lit area near a south-facing window to ensure that it receives adequate light.
Temperature Requirements
This plant thrives well in warm temperatures ranging between 68? to 86? (20? to 30?). Temperatures below 60? (16?) can cause damage to the plant, and it is advisable to avoid exposing it to cold drafts or sudden temperature changes.
Soil Requirements
Ocimum albostellatum requires well-draining soils that are rich in organic matter. A pH range between 6.0 to 7.5 is suitable for optimal growth. The soil must remain moist but not waterlogged to prevent root rot. Adding perlite or sand to the soil mixture can help improve drainage and prevent waterlogging.
Cultivation Methods
The Ocimum albostellatum (Verdc.) A.J.Paton plant requires well-draining soil and a warm climate with plenty of sunlight. It can be grown both indoors and outdoors and prefers a slightly acidic soil pH in the range of 6.0 to 6.5.
Before planting, the soil should be amended with organic matter such as compost or well-rotted manure. The seeds should be sown at a depth of 1/4 inch and kept evenly moist until germination, which typically takes about 7-10 days.
Watering Needs
The Ocimum albostellatum (Verdc.) A.J.Paton plant requires regular watering to thrive. It is best to keep the soil evenly moist but not waterlogged. Water deeply, but allow the soil to dry out slightly between each watering. The plant can tolerate drought conditions, but it is better to avoid them.
Fertilization
The Ocimum albostellatum (Verdc.) A.J.Paton plant does not require frequent fertilization. However, it will benefit from a light application of organic fertilizer in the growing season. Fertilize every 2-3 weeks using a balanced liquid fertilizer. Avoid over-fertilization as this can lead to leggy growth and reduced essential oil production.
Pruning
The Ocimum albostellatum (Verdc.) A.J.Paton plant benefits from regular pruning to promote bushy growth and prevent legginess. Pinch back the tips of the stems regularly to encourage lateral branching. Prune back the plant to one-third of its height annually in the spring to remove any dead or damaged growth. This will also encourage new growth and improve the overall health of the plant.
Propagation of Ocimum albostellatum (Verdc.) A.J.Paton
Ocimum albostellatum (Verdc.) A.J.Paton, which is commonly known as white-stemmed basil, can be propagated through various methods which are described below:
Seed propagation:
The easiest and most commonly used method for propagating Ocimum albostellatum is through seeds. Sow the seeds in a well-draining potting mix that is moist and warm. Cover the seeds with a thin layer of soil and keep the soil moist. Within two weeks, the seeds will sprout and grow into seedlings.
Cuttings propagation:
You can propagate Ocimum albostellatum through cuttings as well. Take a 4 to 6 inch cutting from a healthy plant and remove the lower leaves. Dip the cutting in rooting hormone and plant it in a well-draining potting mix. Water the cutting and keep it in a warm, well-lit area. The cutting will root within 1-2 weeks and can be transplanted into a larger pot or into the garden.
Division propagation:
Another method for propagating Ocimum albostellatum is through division. If you have an established plant, gently dig it up and divide the plant into smaller sections. Each section should have roots and some stems. Replant the smaller sections in a new pot or the garden. Keep the soil moist and in a warm, well-lit area until the plants have established.
Disease Management
Ocimum albostellatum (Verdc.) A.J.Paton is susceptible to some common diseases such as:
- Downy mildew: This disease is caused by Peronospora belbahrii and appears as pale green to yellow patches on the leaves. To prevent the spread of downy mildew, growers should avoid overhead irrigation and allow good airflow between the plants. Fungicides such as copper sprays or Bordeaux mixture can be used to control the disease.
- Fusarium wilt: This fungal disease causes yellowing, wilting, and death of the plant. It is caused by the soil-borne fungus Fusarium oxysporum and can be controlled by using disease-resistant cultivars, crop rotation, and soil solarization. Infected plants should be removed immediately to prevent further spread of the disease.
- Leaf spot: Ocimum albostellatum is also susceptible to leaf spot caused by the fungus Cercospora sp. Symptoms include dark brown to black spots on the leaves. To control leaf spot, growers should remove diseased leaves and avoid overhead irrigation. Fungicides can also be used to control the disease.
Pest Management
Like most plants, Ocimum albostellatum is also susceptible to pest attacks. Some common pests that can affect this plant include:
- Aphids: These soft-bodied insects suck sap from the plant and can cause stunted growth and distorted leaves. They can be controlled by using insecticidal soap, neem oil, or by introducing natural predators like ladybugs.
- Spider mites: These tiny pests feed on the underside of the leaves and cause yellowing and stippling of the foliage. They can be controlled by using an insecticidal soap or horticultural oil. Introducing natural predators like lacewings and predatory mites can also help reduce their population.
- Caterpillars: The larvae of various species of moths and butterflies can feed on the leaves of Ocimum albostellatum, causing severe damage. To control caterpillar infestations, growers should inspect the plants regularly and handpick the caterpillars. Bacillus thuringiensis, a natural bacteria that infects and kills caterpillars, can also be used as a biological control.
