Overview of Ochrolechia Laevigata
Ochrolechia laevigata, also known as Rasanen's lecanore or smooth rock tripe, is a lichenized fungi that belongs to the family Pertusariaceae. It is commonly found growing on rocks, boulders, and cliffs in arctic and alpine regions of North America, Europe, and Asia. It colonizes various substrates, including granite, limestone, and basalt.
Appearance of Ochrolechia Laevigata
Ochrolechia laevigata forms small, crusty, and smooth colonies that are often olive to brownish-grey in color. These colonies can measure up to 5 cm in diameter and have a flat or slightly convex surface. The thallus of this species is thin and leathery, with a white to pale yellowish-white underside. The apothecia are relatively large and can be up to 2 mm in diameter, with a brown disk and a concolorous or lighter margin.
Uses of Ochrolechia Laevigata
Historically, Ochrolechia laevigata was used as a food source by indigenous peoples of arctic and alpine regions. It was dried, ground, and mixed with other ingredients to create pemmican, a high-energy food that was essential for winter survival. Nowadays, Ochrolechia laevigata is not commonly used for food due to its bitter taste and tough texture.
However, lichens, including Ochrolechia laevigata, have significant pharmacological properties. They are rich in bioactive compounds, including polysaccharides, terpenoids, and phenolic compounds, which have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties. Thus, lichens have been used in traditional and modern medicine to treat various disorders, including stomach ailments, wounds, and respiratory infections.
Light Requirements
Ochrolechia laevigata is a lichen species that generally requires moderate to high light intensity for optimal growth. It can tolerate some shade, but excessive shading can significantly reduce its growth and vitality. Therefore, it is found in open and semi-open habitats with ample access to sunlight, such as rock outcrops, cliffs, and tree trunks.
Temperature Requirements
Ochrolechia laevigata is a cold-adapted species that thrives in cool, maritime climates. It prefers temperatures between 5°C and 20°C, and cannot withstand extreme heat or dryness. During hot and dry periods, the lichen can become dormant and survive in a desiccated state until favorable conditions return. Therefore, it is commonly found in temperate and cool regions, such as subalpine and boreal zones.
Soil Requirements
Ochrolechia laevigata is a lichenized fungus that grows on various substrates, including non-calcareous rocks, bark, and wood. It prefers nutrient-poor, acidic soils with low levels of nitrogen and phosphorus. It can also tolerate some heavy metals, such as copper and zinc, but can be sensitive to air pollution and excess nutrients. Therefore, it is commonly found in unpolluted and natural habitats, such as old-growth forests and rocky shores.
Cultivation
The plant Ochrolechia laevigata, commonly known as smooth rock tripe, is a lichen species that can be found on rocks, walls, and soil in areas with low air pollution and high humidity. If you want to cultivate Ochrolechia laevigata, you should mimic its natural environment by providing it with optimal growing conditions.
Start by finding a suitable location that is well-ventilated and has a moderate to high level of humidity. You can grow Ochrolechia laevigata indoors using a terrarium or outside in a shaded or partially shaded area. The lichen requires a firm surface to attach to, and the surface should be free from pollutants and chemicals that can harm the plant.
Watering Need
Ochrolechia laevigata requires a high level of humidity to grow, and therefore, watering is essential. However, be cautious not to overwater the lichen as it can lead to the growth of mold or other harmful organisms. Water the plant using a spray bottle or misting system to maintain its moisture levels. Avoid wetting the plant's stem or base, and do not allow water to accumulate on the surface where the lichen is growing.
Fertilization
Unlike other plants, Ochrolechia laevigata does not require fertilization. The lichen obtains nutrients and minerals from the air and other sources. Therefore, avoid using chemical fertilizers as they can harm the plant and the environment.
Pruning
Ochrolechia laevigata does not require pruning as it does not have stems or leaves. The lichen grows slowly and may become dormant during periods of drought or low humidity. If you notice any dead or damaged parts on the plant, remove them carefully using a pair of scissors or a sharp knife. Avoid pulling or tugging at the lichen as this can lead to the detachment of the whole plant.
Propagation of Ochrolechia laevigata (Rasanen) Vers. ex Brodo
Ochrolechia laevigata (Rasanen) Vers. ex Brodo, commonly known as the smooth rock tripe, is a lichen species that can be found growing on rocks in various parts of the world. Propagation of this species can be done through different methods, including vegetative propagation and spore propagation.
Vegetative Propagation
Vegetative propagation is a method of propagation that involves the use of vegetative structures, such as thalli or fragments, to create new individuals. In the case of Ochrolechia laevigata, vegetative propagation can be done by carefully removing small pieces of the thalli and transferring them onto a suitable substrate, such as a rock surface or a piece of bark. The thalli should be placed in a location that provides the right humidity level and exposure to light. With proper care, the thalli will attach to the substrate and start growing, eventually forming new individuals.
Spore Propagation
Spore propagation is a method of propagation that involves the use of spores to create new individuals. In the case of Ochrolechia laevigata, spore propagation can be done by collecting mature apothecia, which are the fruiting bodies that produce spores. The apothecia should be placed in a container with a suitable growth medium, such as malt agar, and kept in a location with the right humidity and temperature. After a few weeks, the spores will germinate and start growing, eventually forming new individuals.
Propagation of Ochrolechia laevigata can be a challenging process, but with the right conditions and care, it can be a rewarding experience for lichen enthusiasts.
Disease Management:
Ochrolechia laevigata is relatively resistant to diseases, although it can be affected by foliar pathogens such as lichenicolous fungi, which are fungi that colonize lichens. These pathogens can cause discoloration, deformation, and reduced growth of lichens. To manage these pathogens, it is necessary to promote good cultural practices such as avoiding overwatering the lichens, removing the infected parts of the plant, and improving air circulation around the plant by pruning any surrounding plants or branches. It is also a good idea to apply a broad-spectrum fungicide to the lichens early in the growing season to reduce the risk of infection.
Pest Management:
The most common pest that affects Ochrolechia laevigata is the lichen moth (Eilema pygmaeola), which feeds on lichen thalli during its larval stage. The damage caused by these pests can range from small feeding holes to complete defoliation of the lichens. To manage lichen moths, it is necessary to remove the larvae and pupae by handpicking them off the lichens and applying a biological control method, such as introducing natural predators like parasitic wasps. It is also important to promote good growing conditions for the lichens, such as adequate moisture levels, as healthy lichens are less likely to be attacked by pests.
