Origin and Common Names
Nycteranthus tetramerus (L.Bolus) Schwantes var. parviflorus (L.Bolus) Schwantes, commonly known as "Nightflower," is a member of the Nycteranthus family. Indigenous to southern Africa, it can be found in South Africa, Botswana, Namibia, and Zimbabwe.
Appearance
Nycteranthus tetramerus var. parviflorus is a small, perennial shrub that can grow up to 0.5m tall, with a width of 0.3m. It has numerous branches and twigs, with dense foliage that is bright green in colour. The leaves are arranged oppositely and are lanceolate, measuring up to 20mm in length and 5mm in width. The plant's small, white, fragrant flowers grow in clusters, with each flower measuring up to 5mm in diameter.
Uses
Nycteranthus tetramerus var. parviflorus is grown mainly as an ornamental plant due to its attractive appearance and sweet scent. It is well-suited for hanging baskets, rock gardens, and small garden beds, adding a touch of beauty to its surroundings. The plant is also used in traditional medicine, with the boiled leaves being used to treat stomach ailments and improve digestion.
Light requirements
Nycteranthus tetramerus (L.Bolus) Schwantes var. parviflorus (L.Bolus) Schwantes prefer bright, indirect light. They do not like direct sunlight which can scorch their leaves. Placing the plant near a west or east-facing window is the ideal location for this plant. It can also grow well in areas with low light conditions but will grow slower. Therefore, it's crucial to avoid placing it in too much shade, which could stunt its growth.
Temperature requirements
The ideal temperature for this plant is between 60°F -75°F (16°C - 23.8°C). It has the perfect conditions under normal room temperature, but it can tolerate temperatures as low as 50°F (10°C) but only for a brief period. High temperature and humidity can also affect the plant's health. Therefore, be mindful of placing it near radiators or heating units as this could dry out the plant.
Soil requirements
The plant needs well-draining soil that retains moisture. A soil mixture of peat moss, perlite or vermiculite, and sand is ideal for the plant to grow. These components help the soil retain moisture while also providing an aerated environment that keeps the roots healthy. The soil should be kept moist but not soggy. Overwatering could lead to the accumulation of water around the plant's roots, causing root rot, a condition that is harmful to the plant.
Cultivation
Nycteranthus tetramerus var. parviflorus can be grown indoors in pots or outdoors in garden beds. When planting in pots, use a well-draining potting mix that is enriched with organic matter. When planting in garden beds, ensure the soil is well-draining and amend it with organic matter if necessary.
Choose a spot that receives partial shade or filtered sunlight. Full exposure to direct sunlight can scorch the plant’s leaves. The plant prefers warm temperatures ranging from 60-85°F.
Watering
Watering should be done when the soil surface feels dry to the touch. Overwatering can cause root rot and kill the plant. It is important to use a watering can or a hose with a nozzle to direct the water at the base of the plant. Avoid getting water on the leaves as this can cause fungal diseases.
Fertilization
Nycteranthus tetramerus var. parviflorus requires occasional fertilization during the growing season. Use a balanced liquid fertilizer diluted to half-strength. Apply the fertilizer every two weeks to promote healthy growth and blooming.
Pruning
Prune the plant in early spring before the new growth appears. Remove any dead or diseased branches, and trim back any overgrown branches to maintain the plant’s shape. Pinch off the tips of the stems to promote branching and bushiness. Deadheading spent flowers can also encourage new blooms.
Propagation of Nycteranthus tetramerus var. parviflorus
There are several ways to propagate Nycteranthus tetramerus var. parviflorus, including:
Seeds
Propagation through seeds is possible, but it can be challenging to obtain viable seeds. If you are fortunate enough to have seeds, it is essential to store them in a cool, dry location until you are ready to plant them. Once you plant the seeds, keep the soil moist, and place them in an area with filtered sunlight. The seeds will germinate in 2-3 weeks.
Cuttings
Cuttings are the most common method of propagating Nycteranthus tetramerus var. parviflorus. Take the cuttings in spring or summer when the plant is actively growing. Cut a piece of stem that is 3-4 inches long and remove the leaves from the lower half of the cutting. Dip the cut end into rooting hormone and plant it in a well-draining potting mix made of equal parts sand, perlite, and peat. Mist the cutting and cover it with a plastic bag to maintain humidity. Place the cutting in a location with bright, indirect sunlight. The cutting will root in 2-3 weeks.
Division
Dividing Nycteranthus tetramerus var. parviflorus is another way to propagate it. You can divide the plant in spring or summer when the plant is in active growth. Gently remove the plant from the pot and divide it into smaller sections, each with roots attached. Re-pot the sections in well-draining potting mix and water thoroughly. Place the newly divided plants in a bright location, but away from direct sunlight.
Disease Management
Nycteranthus tetramerus var. parviflorus is a relatively healthy plant, but it may still be affected by diseases. Proper care and maintenance can prevent many of these diseases, but some common diseases that may still occur include:
- Bacterial Blight: This disease is caused by the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae. It causes leaf spots and wilting, which may eventually lead to plant death. The best way to manage this disease is to remove and destroy all infected plant parts and avoid overhead watering.
- Leaf Spot: Caused by fungi such as Cercospora and Septoria, Leaf spot causes circular or angular spots on the leaves, which may become brownish-yellow or black as they age. Proper sanitation practices like removing affected leaves and debris can prevent the disease from spreading.
- Mildew: Mildew is caused by fungi such as Erysiphe and Podosphaera. This disease manifests as a powdery white coating on leaves, stems, and flowers. To manage this disease, avoid watering plants in the evening or at night, as damp conditions encourage the growth of fungus.
Pest Management
Nycteranthus tetramerus var. parviflorus is also susceptible to pest infestations, which can cause damage if left unchecked. Common pests that may infest the plant include:
- Spider Mites: These pests are tiny and difficult to spot with the naked eye, but they can cause significant damage to plants by sucking on the sap. Spider mites can be managed through regular watering and misting of leaves to maintain high humidity. Insecticidal soap can also be used for severe infestations.
- Thrips: Thrips are small insects that feed on the leaves and flowers of plants, leaving behind visible scars and damage. Yellow or silvery patches on the leaves indicate a thrip infestation. To manage this pest, introduce natural predators like beneficial insects or use insecticidal soap.
- Whiteflies: Whiteflies are small flying insects that feed on plant sap, leaving behind yellow or white spots on leaves. To manage this pest, introduce natural predators such as ladybugs, or use insecticidal soap for severe infestations.
