Origin
Notholaena schaffneri (Fourn.) Underwood ex Davenport var. nealleyi (Seaton ex Coult.) Weatherby, commonly known as black cloak fern, is a species of fern that is native to North America, particularly in the southwestern region of the United States and parts of Mexico.
Common Names
Aside from black cloak fern, Notholaena schaffneri var. nealleyi is also commonly referred to as Schaffner's cloak fern or just cloak fern. Additionally, it has some regional common names such as calache, grama de camello, yerba negra, and blackfoot.
Uses
Black cloak fern has traditionally been used by Native American tribes for different purposes. Some tribes used it as an herbal medicine to treat various illnesses such as skin conditions and coughs. Other tribes used it for spiritual purposes, such as creating smudge sticks, which are used for purification rituals.
General Appearance
The black cloak fern is a small-sized fern that grows up to 40 cm tall. It has dark green fronds that are up to 20 cm long and 3-4 cm wide. The fronds have a triangular shape and are deeply divided into many small leaflets. The leaflets have a herringbone-like pattern that is characteristic of the Notholaena genus. The plant gets its name from the black scales located on the underside of the fronds, which resemble a cloak. The scales are also responsible for the plant's ability to retain moisture, making it well adapted to dry and arid environments.
Light Requirements
Notholaena schaffneri var. nealleyi prefers well-drained soils under partial to full shade. It requires filtered or indirect light to thrive, as direct sunlight can scorch its fronds. Growing in low light is not recommended since it can result in stunted growth and poor foliage quality.
Temperature Requirements
This fern variety can tolerate a wide range of temperatures, but it prefers moderate to warm temperatures. Optimum growth is achieved in temperatures ranging from 18°C to 26°C (64°F to 79°F). Temperatures below 10°C (50°F) may damage the plant, but it can tolerate occasional frost.
Soil Requirements
Notholaena schaffneri var. nealleyi prefers well-drained soils with a slightly acidic to neutral pH ranging from 5.5 to 7.0. The soil should be rich in organic matter and nutrients, though over-fertilization should be avoided to prevent root burn and leaf-tip damage. The native habitat of this fern is rocky limestone ridges, so it can adapt well to shallow and poor soils.
Cultivation of Notholaena schaffneri var. nealleyi
Notholaena schaffneri var. nealleyi is a species of fern native to the southwestern United States and Mexico. It is a relatively easy fern to cultivate, but it requires some specific conditions to thrive.
The plant needs bright, indirect light to grow. Place it near a window with filtered light or in a room with plenty of natural light, but avoid placing it in direct sunlight, as it can scorch the fronds.
The plant grows well in rocky, well-drained soil. It is also tolerant of slightly alkaline soil conditions. Make sure the soil is not waterlogged, as this can cause root rot and damage the plant.
Watering Needs
Notholaena schaffneri var. nealleyi prefers to be kept somewhat moist but not soaking wet. Water it regularly, but allow the soil to dry out slightly between waterings. A good rule of thumb is to water the plant when the top inch of soil feels dry to the touch.
Avoid getting water on the leaves or fronds, as this can cause spotting or fungal diseases. Instead, water the plant from the bottom, by placing it in a tray of water and allowing the soil to soak up the water.
Fertilization
Notholaena schaffneri var. nealleyi does not require much fertilization, but it can benefit from occasional applications of a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer. Apply the fertilizer in the spring and summer, following the manufacturer's instructions. Do not fertilize the plant in the winter, as it is not actively growing.
Pruning
Notholaena schaffneri var. nealleyi does not require much pruning, but you can remove any brown or yellowed fronds to improve its appearance. Use pruning shears or scissors to remove the fronds at the base of the plant.
If the fern becomes too large for its container, you can divide it and repot it in a larger container. Do this in the spring, when the plant is actively growing. Choose a container that is only slightly larger than the original container, as too much space can cause the soil to become waterlogged.
Propagation of Notholaena schaffneri var. nealleyi
Notholaena schaffneri var. nealleyi is commonly referred to as the Nealley's cloak fern. It is a perennial fern that is native to the southwestern regions of the United States of America. It prefers to grow in dry, rocky outcrops and requires well-drained soil and indirect sunlight. Propagating Notholaena schaffneri var. nealleyi can be achieved through various methods, including spore propagation and rhizome division.
Spore Propagation
Propagation of Notholaena schaffneri var. nealleyi via spore is a viable option for reproduction. Spores mature in sporangia, which are present on the underside of the fern frond. To propagate Notholaena schaffneri var. nealleyi through spores, gather the spores when they become mature and start to release. Once collected, the spores can be sown on a surface that is coated with peat moss and sand. Keep the spores moist and in indirect light to stimulate germination.
Rhizome Division
Rhizome division is another method that can be employed to propagate Notholaena schaffneri var. nealleyi. To do so, remove a segment of the mature rhizome that contains the roots and the leafy fronds. The rhizome should be divided carefully using a sharp knife, taking care not to damage the roots. Once divided, replant the divided sections in a pot with well-drained soil and keep them moist. Eventually, the segments will establish and will grow into mature ferns.
Disease and Pest Management for Notholaena Schaffneri var. nealleyi
Notholaena schaffneri var. nealleyi is a fern species that is native to North America. While the plant is generally considered to be hardy and relatively disease-resistant, it is still susceptible to certain pests and diseases. Here are some common issues that may affect this species, as well as some strategies for managing them:
Pests
Aphids: Aphids are small, soft-bodied insects that feed on the sap of plants. They can cause stunted growth and distorted leaves. To manage aphids, you can try spraying the plant with a strong jet of water to dislodge them. You can also use insecticidal soap or neem oil to control them. If the infestation is severe, you may need to resort to chemical pesticides, but use these with caution and follow the instructions carefully.
Spider Mites: Spider mites are tiny arachnids that feed on the sap of plants. They can cause yellowed, stippled leaves and generally weaken plants. To manage spider mites, you can try increasing humidity by misting the plant regularly or placing it near other plants. You can also try spraying the plant with insecticidal soap or neem oil. Again, if the infestation is severe, you may need to use chemical pesticides, but be sure to follow the instructions.
Diseases
Root Rot: Root rot is a fungal disease that can be caused by overwatering or poor drainage. Symptoms include yellowed leaves, stunted growth, and root decay. To manage root rot, you should improve drainage by repotting the plant in fresh, well-draining soil. Ensure that the plant is not overwatered and that excess water is allowed to drain away.
Scale Insects: Scale insects are small, immobile insects that attach themselves to the leaves and stems of plants. They can cause yellowed leaves and a general decline in plant health. To manage scale insects, you can try wiping the affected plant parts with a cotton swab dipped in rubbing alcohol. You can also use insecticidal soap or neem oil. If the infestation is severe, you may need to use chemical pesticides.
By being vigilant and addressing any pest or disease issues promptly, you can help ensure that your Notholaena schaffneri var. nealleyi plants are healthy and thriving.
