Origin
Nicotiana acuminata (Graham) Hook. var. multiflora (Phil.) Reiche, commonly known as Tree Tobacco, is a species of plant from the Solanaceae family, native to South America.
Common Names
The plant is widely recognized by different common names, including Wild Tobacco, Mustard Tree Tobacco, and Brazilian Wild Tobacco, among others.
Appearance
Tree Tobacco is a tall and erect plant that can reach up to 10ft (3m) tall. It has large and dark green leaves that measure 8-20cm long and 5-15cm wide. The flowers are yellow, tubular, and trumpet-shaped, measuring about 4cm long and 2-5cm wide. The fruits are small capsules containing numerous small seeds, which can self-sow easily.
Uses
Tree Tobacco was traditionally used by indigenous peoples for medicinal and ceremonial purposes. The leaves are rich in nicotine, which can act as a stimulant and sedative. The plant is still used to produce tobacco and medicine. Its leaves and flowers have active compounds that may have antibacterial, antifungal, and anti-inflammatory properties, making it useful in the treatment of various ailments.
However, it should be noted that tree tobacco is a highly invasive species and can be harmful if used inappropriately. Its seeds can spread rapidly and are toxic to insects, birds, and mammals, including humans.
Light Requirements
Nicotiana acuminata var. multiflora prefers to grow in full to partial sunlight. It is a thermophilic plant that requires a minimum of 6 hours of sunlight exposure daily to grow optimally.
Temperature Requirements
The ideal temperature range for the growth of Nicotiana acuminata var. multiflora is between 18°C to 24°C. The growth rate may reduce if the temperature falls below 15°C or goes beyond 30°C.
Soil Requirements
The plant prefers well-drained soil with a pH range of 5.5 to 7, which is rich in nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium for optimal growth. An adequately fertilized soil with organic matter content will also support the growth of Nicotiana acuminata var. multiflora.
Cultivation Methods
Nicotiana acuminata (Graham) Hook. var. multiflora (Phil.) Reiche is a hardy plant that requires well-draining soil with adequate sunlight. The plant can thrive in various soil types ranging from sandy to loamy soil. It is essential to prepare the soil bed well, incorporating enough manure or compost to provide the necessary nutrients for growth.
The ideal planting period is during the spring or fall. Prepare shallow holes and plant the seedlings at least six inches apart, pressing the soil firmly around each seedling.
Watering Needs
Nicotiana acuminata (Graham) Hook. var. multiflora (Phil.) Reiche requires moderate watering; however, it is essential to avoid over-watering the plant. Water the plant weekly or whenever the soil feels dry. Infrequent deep watering is ideal compared to frequent shallow watering as it promotes root development.
Fertilization
Regular fertilization is essential to promote the growth and flowering of Nicotiana acuminata (Graham) Hook. var. multiflora (Phil.) Reiche. Apply a balanced fertilizer every two weeks to promote healthy foliage and flower growth. It is essential to avoid over-fertilization, as it may result in excessive foliage growth at the expense of flower development.
Pruning
Pruning is essential to promote the healthy growth and longevity of Nicotiana acuminata (Graham) Hook. var. multiflora (Phil.) Reiche. Remove any spent flowers or yellowing leaves regularly to promote continuous growth and flowering. Pinch the tips of the growing stem to promote branching and bushier growth. However, it is crucial to avoid excessive pruning, as it may inhibit flower development.
Propagation of Nicotiana acuminata var. multiflora
Nicotiana acuminata var. multiflora is commonly known as the southern tobacco plant. Propagation of this plant can be done by both sexual and asexual means. The plant can be propagated through seeds or vegetative cuttings.
Propagation by Seeds
Propagation by seeds is a common method of growing Nicotiana acuminata var. multiflora. The seeds should be collected from mature fruits that have a brownish tinge. These seeds should be sown in a well-draining soil mix that should be kept moist until germination takes place. The ideal temperature for germination is between 20 to 25°C. The seeds generally take about 10 to 14 days to germinate.
Once the seedlings have emerged, they should be transplanted into individual pots filled with soil mix and grown until rooted. Once the plant has formed roots, it can be transplanted to a bigger pot or directly to the garden.
Propagation by Vegetative Cuttings
Nicotiana acuminata var. multiflora can also be propagated by vegetative cuttings. The cuttings should be taken from the mature stems of the plant when it is actively growing. These cuttings should be about 10-15 cm long and should have at least two leaf nodes.
The cuttings should be dipped in rooting hormone and planted in a well-draining soil mix. Keep the soil moist and ensure to provide the plant with humidity by covering it with a plastic bag to ensure the cutting does not wilt. In about four to six weeks, the cutting should develop sufficient roots. Once the plant has formed roots, it can be transplanted to a bigger pot or directly to the garden.
Disease Management for Nicotiana acuminata
Nicotiana acuminata is susceptible to various diseases that can cause significant damage to the plant. One of the most common diseases that affect the plant is tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), which is transmitted through contaminated tools, soil, and water. Infected plants show stunted growth, yellowing of leaves, and a mosaic pattern on their leaves.
To manage TMV, it is essential to use sanitized tools and keep the growing area clean. Infected plants should be removed immediately to avoid spreading the virus. There are no commercial treatments for TMV, so prevention is the best way to manage the disease.
Fungal pathogens such as Rhizoctonia solani can also affect Nicotiana acuminata, causing damping-off, a disease that affects seedlings. The fungus attacks the stem at soil level, causing wilting, yellowing, and eventual death of the seedlings.
To manage Rhizoctonia solani, it is important to use disease-free seeds and well-draining soil. The soil should also be kept moist but not saturated to avoid creating an environment for fungal growth. Fungicides can also be used to help control the spread of the disease.
Pest Management for Nicotiana acuminata
Nicotiana acuminata is also susceptible to pest attacks that can cause significant damage to the plant. One of the most common pests that affect the plant is the tobacco hornworm, which is a large green caterpillar that feeds on the leaves of the plant.
To manage tobacco hornworms, it is important to check the plant daily for signs of infestation. Handpicking the caterpillars and placing them in soapy water is an effective way of managing the pest. Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), a type of bacteria commonly used in organic farming, can also be used to control the spread of the pest.
Another pest that can affect Nicotiana acuminata is the flea beetle. The beetle feeds on the leaves of the plant, causing small holes that can eventually lead to defoliation.
To manage flea beetles, it is essential to use insecticides that are effective against the pest. Neem oil, a natural insecticide, can also be used to control the spread of the pest. Introducing natural predators such as ladybugs and lacewings to the growing area can also help manage the pest.
