Overview
Nesogordonia parvifolia (M.B.Moss ex Milne-Redh.) Capuron ex Wild is a plant species that belongs to the family of Irvingiaceae. It is a small to medium-sized tree that is native to tropical Africa, specifically in Cameroon, Gabon, and Equatorial Guinea. The plant is known for its useful properties, which have been utilized for centuries by local communities for various purposes.
Common Names
The tree is commonly known as "Ela" in Cameroon, while in Gabon, it is referred to as "Okoumé" or "Ivindo-Okoumé". It is also known by other names such as "Abang" and "Bokoumé".
Appearance
The plant can grow up to 30 meters tall, with a straight trunk that can have a diameter of up to 1.5 meters. The bark is smooth and grayish-brown in color. The leaves are simple, alternate, and elliptical in shape, with a length of 8–25 cm and width of 4–10 cm. They are shiny on the upper surface and have a light green color. The flowers are small and yellowish-green, appearing in clusters at the base of the leaves. The fruits are ovoid or subglobose drupes that measure around 6 cm in length and 4 cm in width, with a hard woody shell.
Uses
The tree has many uses, and several parts of the plant are utilized in different ways. The wood is commonly used for construction, furniture, and boat-building due to its high durability and resistance to rot. The bark is used in traditional medicine to treat various ailments such as diarrhea, fever, and stomach pains. The oil extracted from the seeds is used in culinary and cosmetic applications, such as making soap and margarine. The fruit is edible, although it is not commonly consumed.
In addition to its practical uses, Nesogordonia parvifolia also has cultural and spiritual significance in some communities. In Gabon, the tree is considered sacred and is used in rituals and ceremonies.
Growth Conditions for Nesogordonia parvifolia
Nesogordonia parvifolia typically grows in tropical regions of Africa, particularly in the countries of Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, and Gabon. It can be found growing in forested areas, both in primary and secondary forests.
Light Requirements:
This plant prefers a shaded environment and cannot tolerate direct sunlight. It is commonly found growing under the canopy of larger trees where it receives filtered light.
Temperature Requirements:
Nesogordonia parvifolia thrives in warm and humid conditions. The optimal temperature range for its growth varies from 20°C to 30°C. This plant cannot tolerate frost or extremely low temperatures.
Soil Requirements:
The soil type that Nesogordonia parvifolia tends to grow in is rich in organic matter and well-drained. This plant prefers slightly acidic soils with a pH ranging from 5.5 to 6.5. It develops a shallow root system, so the soil should not be compacted to ensure nutrient uptake. The plant is also sensitive to soil salinity and should not be planted in soils with a high salt content.
Cultivation Methods
Nesogordonia parvifolia, commonly known as the African teak, can be grown in a range of soil types, including sandy and loamy soil. It thrives in a well-draining soil with a pH range of 4.5 to 7.5. This species prefers a partially shaded area but can tolerate full sunlight if adequately irrigated and fertilized.
Watering Needs
Adequate watering is essential to maintain the health and growth of Nesogordonia parvifolia. This species can tolerate drought to some extent, but it is recommended to water regularly to ensure that the soil remains moist. Watering should be done deeply to encourage the development of strong roots. Watering should be reduced during the winter months and increased during periods of hot weather.
Fertilization
Nesogordonia parvifolia needs regular fertilization to thrive and produce vibrant foliage. A balanced fertilizer with an equal proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium should be applied at least twice a year during the growing season. The application of organic fertilizers or compost may be beneficial to the plant's overall health, as they provide micronutrients essential for growth.
Pruning
Pruning of Nesogordonia parvifolia should be done during the dormant period to avoid damaging the tree's active growth. Pruning should focus on removing dead or diseased branches, crossing branches, and maintaining the tree's shape. The African teak tree does not require extensive pruning unless it is grown for commercial purposes.
Propagation of Nesogordonia parvifolia
Nesogordonia parvifolia (M.B.Moss ex Milne-Redh.) Capuron ex Wild is commonly known as the African teak, and it belongs to the family Icacinaceae. This plant is native to tropical Africa and is known for its high-quality timber. Propagation of this plant can be done through various methods such as seeds, stem cuttings, and air layering.
Propagation by Seeds
Seeds of Nesogordonia parvifolia can be collected and sown in seedbeds or containers filled with a well-draining soil mix. The seeds should be sown at a depth of 1-2 cm, and adequate moisture should be maintained by regular watering. Germination of the seeds usually takes three to four weeks.
Propagation by Stem Cuttings
Nesogordonia parvifolia can also be propagated through stem cuttings. The stem cuttings should be taken from the mature and healthy branches during the early rainy season. The cuttings should be treated with a rooting hormone and planted in a well-draining soil mix. Adequate moisture should be maintained by regular watering, and the cuttings should be kept in a humid and shaded place. The roots start to develop in four to six weeks, and the plant can be transplanted into a bigger pot or the field.
Propagation by Air Layering
Another method of propagation of Nesogordonia parvifolia is air layering. Air layering is a simple process that involves creating a new plant by rooting a branch while it is still attached to the parent plant. The branch to be air-layered should be selected during the early rainy season and should be free from any diseases and pests. A section of the bark is removed from the middle of the selected branch, and a rooting hormone is applied to the exposed area. The area is then covered with moist sphagnum moss, which is then covered with a plastic bag to maintain the humidity. The roots start to grow in six to eight weeks, and the new plant can be separated from the parent plant and transplanted to a new location.
Disease and Pest Management for Nesogordonia parvifolia
Nesogordonia parvifolia is a beautiful evergreen plant native to the tropical African rainforests. Although it is hardy and relatively pest-resistant, there are some diseases and pests that can affect the plant, particularly in unfavorable growing conditions.
Common Diseases
One common disease that can affect Nesogordonia parvifolia is powdery mildew. This fungal disease is characterized by a white, powdery coating on the leaves, stems, and flowers of the plant. To manage powdery mildew, remove infected plant parts, improve air circulation, and avoid overhead watering. Fungicides may also be necessary in severe cases.
Anthractnose is another fungal disease that can affect Nesogordonia parvifolia. This disease causes brown patches on the leaves, stems, and flowers of the plant, which can lead to defoliation. To manage anthracnose, remove infected plant parts, dispose of them properly, and minimize any wound sites on the plant.
Common Pests
While Nesogordonia parvifolia is not prone to pests, the primary pest that can affect this plant is the spider mite. These tiny insects can quickly infest the plant and cause damage to the leaves and stems. To manage spider mites, increase humidity levels, and regularly mist the plant leaves. Insecticidal soap or horticultural oils may also help control and deter spider mites.
Another pest is the mealybug, which appears as small white cotton-like masses along the stems and leaves of the plant. Mealybugs can cause stunted growth, yellowing of leaves, and drop off of leaves. Mealybugs can be controlled manually by picking them off or by using neem oil, insecticidal soap or horticultural oils.
Preventative Measures
The best way to prevent diseases and pests in Nesogordonia parvifolia is to promote healthy plant growth by providing optimal growing conditions. This includes planting the plant in well-draining soil with good air circulation, providing proper watering, avoiding overhead watering, and regular fertilization. You can also check the plant regularly to detect any disease and pest infestations early, and act quickly to prevent their spread.
By following these disease and pest management techniques, you can effectively maintain the health and beauty of your Nesogordonia parvifolia plant.
