Description of Nervilia umbrosa auct.
Nervilia umbrosa auct. is a type of terrestrial orchid and a member of the Orchidaceae family. It is commonly referred to as the 'Shady Nervilia' or 'Shadows Nervilia' due to its natural habitat of being found in the shade. The plant is believed to have originated from the temperate regions of eastern Asia, specifically from Japan, Korea, and China.
Appearance of Nervilia umbrosa auct.
The Nervilia umbrosa auct. can be easily identified by its distinctive features. It has an underground tuberous stem which is small in size, measuring only about 2-3 cm across. The stem is bulbous and flattened at the top, producing one or two cord-like leaves that are typically green in color, measuring between 5-25 cm in length. The plant also produces a single delicate flower which appears on a very thin stem measuring around 10-20 cm in length.
The flower of Nervilia umbrosa auct. is small-sized, measuring only about 1.5cm across. It can be easily identified due to its distinct pinkish-lavender color, forming a pair of oval-shaped petals that have ragged edges. The plant's flower also consists of a pair of small sepals that have a narrow triangular shape, and a bulbous patch that is located at the center of the flower.
Uses of Nervilia umbrosa auct.
Nervilia umbrosa auct. holds great significance for traditional Chinese medicine where the underground tuberous stem of the plant is used for therapeutic purposes. The stem is believed to have various medical properties such as antifungal, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties, commonly used to treat nosebleeds, coughs, and other respiratory problems. In Japan, the plant is considered a delicacy where the fleshy stem is used as an ingredient for various dishes, particularly salads and as a garnish too.
Aside from its medicinal and culinary use, Nervilia umbrosa auct. is also a popular ornamental plant. The small size of the plant makes it a perfect fit for a terrarium or a small container, adding to the overall décor of the space.
Light Requirements
The Nervilia umbrosa plant prefers partial to full shade. It is recommended to provide filtered sunlight or partial shade to avoid direct sunlight, which may scorch the leaves and damage the plant.
Temperature Requirements
The growth of Nervilia umbrosa thrives in temperatures ranging from 20 to 30°C (68 to 86°F). Moreover, it is to be noted that this plant goes dormant during the dry season and reappears upon the onset of the rainy season. Therefore, it is necessary to maintain cooler temperatures during the dry season to avoid desiccation.
Soil Requirements
Nervilia umbrosa's growth and development are influenced by soil moisture and nutrient availability. It favors moist, well-drained, loamy soils that are rich in organic matter. The soil should have a pH range of 6.0 to 7.5, which is slightly acidic to neutral. It is to be noted that this plant has shallow roots, and the soil should have good water retention capacity to ensure adequate moisture supply.
Cultivation of Nervilia Umbrosa Auct
Nervilia umbrosa auct., or commonly known as the 'shady nervilia', requires a well-draining, humus-rich soil. The plant prefers a shady environment and is suitable to grow indoors or in a sheltered outdoor area. Daytime temperatures should range between 20°C to 27°C, and nighttime temperatures should be around 18°C to 20°C. In colder regions, planting should occur during the spring.
Watering Needs
Nervilia umbrosa auct. requires consistently moist but not waterlogged soil. The plant enjoys humidity, so its soil should not dry out for extended periods. Watering under direct sunlight should be avoided as this may cause the plant to wilt.
Fertilization
The plant requires a slow-release fertilizer applied in March or April and then again in June. Feeding should be done in the mornings since the plant grows during the day. While the plant is dormant, it is best to cut down on the fertilizer application.
Pruning
Nervilia umbrosa auct. will naturally die down during the colder months, and the leaves and stems will begin to yellow. The plant should be left alone during this period until new growth appears in the spring. Dying leaves can be removed from the base of the plant by pinching or using a pair of scissors.
Propagation of Nervilia umbrosa auct.
Nervilia umbrosa auct., also known as the Japanese ground orchid, can be propagated through both seeds and division. The best time for propagation is during the spring and summer months, when the plant is actively growing.
Propagation through seeds
Propagation through seeds is a common method for Nervilia umbrosa auct. To ensure success, newly collected seeds must be sown as soon as possible after ripening. The seeds must be carefully cleaned to remove any fleshy material before sowing.
The seeds should be sown in a sterile, well-draining potting mix. The seedlings will emerge within a few weeks, and will require consistent moisture and warmth to thrive. Once the seedlings are large enough to handle, they can be transplanted into individual pots.
Propagation through division
Nervilia umbrosa auct. can also be propagated through division of the rhizome. This method is best done in the spring or early summer, when the plant is actively growing.
The plant should be carefully dug up and the rhizomes separated into individual sections. Each section should have at least one healthy stem and several roots. The divisions should be replanted into a well-draining potting mix, and will require consistent moisture and warmth to establish.
With proper care and attention, Nervilia umbrosa auct. can be propagated successfully through both seeds and division, providing gardeners with a beautiful and unique addition to their plant collection.
Disease and Pest Management for Nervilia umbrosa
Nervilia umbrosa auct., commonly known as the shade-loving orchid, is a delicate plant that requires special care to prevent diseases and pest infestations. Proper management techniques can help reduce the risk of damage to the plant and maintain its health.
Common Diseases
Various diseases can affect Nervilia umbrosa, including:
- Anthracnose: A fungal disease characterized by brown spots, which can cause leaf and stem decay. Remove and destroy any infected parts of the plant.
- Rhizome Rot: A fungal disease that affects the underground stem of the plant, resulting in wilting and stunted growth. Ensure that the soil is well-draining and avoid overwatering the plant to prevent this disease.
- Virus Infections: These can cause symptoms like mottled leaves and stunted growth. Unfortunately, there is no cure for viral infections, so infected plants should be removed and destroyed to prevent further spread.
Pest Management
Various pests can infest Nervilia umbrosa, including:
- Aphids: These small insects suck the sap out of the plant and can cause wilting and stunted growth. Control aphids by spraying the plant with a mixture of water and dish soap.
- Spider Mites: These tiny arachnids suck the sap out of leaves, causing them to turn yellow and fall off. Control spider mites by spraying the plant with a mixture of water, dish soap, and neem oil.
- Slugs and Snails: These creatures can munch on leaves and stems, causing visible damage. Control slugs and snails by placing slug traps or applying diatomaceous earth around the plant.
Regularly inspecting the plant for any signs of disease or pest infestation can help catch and manage any problems early, allowing for a healthier and happier Nervilia umbrosa.
