Overview
Nervilia reniformis Schltr. var. afzelii Schltr. is a fascinating perennial plant species belonging to the Orchidaceae family. It is widely distributed in the African continent, where it is commonly known by its vernacular names, including Chikondoma, Tuongoloka, and Nsangu. The plant's tubers are highly treasured for their medicinal purposes, and they are a valuable source of income for rural communities.
Appearance
The Nervilia reniformis Schltr. var. afzelii Schltr. is a small, creeping, and terrestrial herb that grows up to 20cm in height. The plant has a single round-shaped leaf that measures about 8cm in diameter, and the entire plant forms a rosette. The leaves are hairy at the base and have clear veins running from the midrib to the edge. The flower is usually solitary, borne on a short stalk that emerges from the center of the leaf. The inflorescence of Nervilia reniformis Schltr. var. afzelii Schltr. is greenish-brown, and it has several small flowers that are about 1cm in diameter.
Uses
The plant's tubers are highly valued for their medicinal properties, and they are used to treat various ailments, including diarrhea, abdominal pains, and respiratory illnesses. The tubers are also believed to have aphrodisiac properties, and they are used to boost fertility in both men and women. Additionally, the plant's roots are used to control pests and insects in crops.
Furthermore, the Nervilia reniformis Schltr. var. afzelii Schltr. is a popular ornamental plant, grown for its attractive leaf and unique inflorescence. It is also an important component of the ecosystem, providing food and habitat for various animal species.
Light Requirements
Nervilia reniformis Schltr. var. afzelii Schltr. typically requires filtered or dappled light. Direct sunlight can scorch its sensitive foliage, so it is best to keep it out of direct light. It is recommended to place them in east or north-facing windows to allow them to receive sufficient light without being exposed to direct sun. They also thrive in well-lit areas with high humidity as long as they are not exposed to the intense afternoon sun.
Temperature Requirements
Nervilia reniformis Schltr. var. afzelii Schltr. is a tropical plant that thrives in warm and humid conditions. They require temperatures of between 20-25°C or 68-77°F during the day and a warmer temperature at night. Temperatures below 15°C or 59°F can cause irreversible damage to the plant or lead to stunted growth. As such, it is recommended to grow these plants indoors or in greenhouses, especially in colder climates.
Soil Requirements
The Nervilia reniformis Schltr. var. afzelii Schltr. requires well-drained soil with a neutral to slightly acidic pH of 6.0-7.0. It requires soil that is rich in organic matter and coarse enough to allow for good drainage. The soil should be a mixture of sphagnum moss, perlite, and coconut coir. It is also important to ensure that the soil remains moist but not waterlogged as excessive moisture leads to root rot and fungal infections.
Cultivation methods
Nervilia reniformis Schltr. var. afzelii Schltr., commonly known as the kidney-shaped Nervilia, is a terrestrial orchid that can be grown in pots or in a terrarium. This plant thrives in high humidity and warm temperatures, so it is best to keep it indoors or in a greenhouse. When planting in a pot, choose well-draining soil, such as a mix of peat moss and perlite, and replant yearly to keep the soil fresh.
Watering needs
The kidney-shaped Nervilia needs to be watered frequently, especially during the growing season. Water the plant when the top inch of soil feels dry, but be sure not to overwater it, as this can lead to root rot. During the dormant season, reduce watering to once or twice a month.
Fertilization
When the plant is actively growing, fertilize it every other week with a balanced orchid fertilizer. Dilute the fertilizer to half the recommended strength. During the dormant season, reduce fertilization to once a month.
Pruning
Nervilia reniformis Schltr. var. afzelii Schltr. does not require regular pruning. However, after the plant has finished blooming, cut back the flower stem to encourage the growth of new shoots. If the plant becomes too large for its container, it is best to repot it into a larger container rather than attempting to prune the roots.
Propagation of Nervilia reniformis Schltr. var. afzelii Schltr.
Nervilia reniformis Schltr. var. afzelii Schltr. can be propagated through various methods such as division, sowing seeds, and tissue culture. Successful propagation requires a suitable growth medium and proper care to ensure healthy growth.
Division
Division involves separating the plant into several sections, each with its root and stem. This method is most effective when the plant has several growth points, which can develop into healthy plants. Nervilia reniformis Schltr. var. afzelii Schltr. can be divided during the dormancy period when the plant is not actively growing.
Sowing Seeds
Another method of propagation involves sowing seeds in suitable growing medium. The seeds can be sown immediately or stored and sown in the future. Seeds usually germinate within a few weeks of sowing, and the young plants can be transplanted into suitable containers or garden beds.
Tissue Culture
Tissue culture is a propagation method that involves growing plants from small tissue cells under controlled conditions. This method is useful in producing large numbers of identical plants in a short time. It requires a sterile environment and knowledge of plant physiology and genetics. Tissue culture can be used to propagate Nervilia reniformis Schltr. var. afzelii Schltr. but is usually only employed on a commercial scale.
Disease Management
Nervilia reniformis Schltr. var. afzelii Schltr. is a hardy plant, but it can still be affected by diseases such as leaf spots and root rot. Here are some ways to manage these diseases:
- Leaf Spots: Regularly inspect the plant for signs of leaf spots. Remove the affected leaves and dispose of them properly. Avoid overhead watering, as the water droplets can spread the fungus that causes leaf spots.
- Root Rot: Ensure that the soil is well-draining and does not retain water. Avoid overwatering the plant. If root rot does occur, remove the affected parts of the plant and repot it in fresh soil.
Pest Management
Like all plants, Nervilia reniformis Schltr. var. afzelii Schltr. is also susceptible to pests. Here are some common pests that might affect the plant:
- Spider Mites: Regularly inspect the plant for signs of spider mites, such as small webbing and tiny dots on the leaves. Use a strong stream of water to wash off the spider mites. You can also use a neem oil and water mixture to spray the plant.
- Slugs and Snails: These pests can eat the leaves of the plant, leaving unsightly holes. Use slug and snail bait to manage them. Alternatively, you can create a barrier around the plant using copper tape or diatomaceous earth.
Regularly inspecting your Nervilia reniformis Schltr. var. afzelii Schltr. plant and being proactive about disease and pest management will help to keep it healthy and thriving.
