Overview of Nephroma resupinatum
Nephroma resupinatum, also known as Reversed Lichen, is a member of the family Nephromataceae. This lichenized fungus is common in Eurasia, North Africa, and North America and is often found on rocky substrates in forests.
Appearance of Nephroma resupinatum
Nephroma resupinatum has an intricate and distinct appearance. It forms small, rosette-like lobes, each measuring around 2 to 6 centimeters in diameter, which overlap and re-curve inward towards its center. The upper surface of the thallus is greenish-brown, while the lower surface is white to pale yellow, with a velvety texture. The branched, black hairs extending from the thallus give Nephroma resupinatum a "hairy" appearance, especially near the edges of its lobes.
Uses of Nephroma resupinatum
Nephroma resupinatum is not known to have any significant commercial, medicinal, or culinary uses. However, Nephrotoxic potential has been associated with this lichen, which means it could contain compounds that are potentially harmful and cause kidney damage if ingested in large quantities.
Common names of Nephroma resupinatum
Nephroma resupinatum is commonly known as Reversed Lichen, although it has other names in different regions. For example, Native Americans have several different names for Nephroma resupinatum, including Wa-to-pek-wah-con (Ojibwe), Odoshk?-nishnaabe (Potawatomi), and Toga-la-pook-skee (Shawnee).
Light Requirements
Nephroma resupinatum grows best in partially shaded environments, such as forests where trees provide partial shading. In direct sunlight, the plant is susceptible to drying out and damage from excessive heat.
Temperature Requirements
The temperature requirements of Nephroma resupinatum vary depending on the climate of the region in which it occurs. In general, the species prefers cooler environments, with an optimal temperature range of 10-18°C. However, the plant can adapt to warmer climates if adequate moisture is available.
Soil Requirements
Nephroma resupinatum is an epiphytic lichen that attaches to the bark of trees, especially those of deciduous species such as oak, beech, and maple. The plant can also grow on rocks and other substrates that provide a suitable environment for its development. The most important requirement for successful growth is moisture, as the plant must be in regular contact with water to absorb nutrients and maintain its metabolic functions.
Cultivation methods
Nephroma resupinatum (L.) Ach. is a lichen species found growing on the bark of trees. If you are planning to cultivate this species, you should look for trees that are relatively old and have rough bark as the species prefers to grow on such bark.
You can start the cultivation by either harvesting the species from the wild or purchasing it from a reliable supplier. Once you have the species, you can either cultivate it indoors in a greenhouse or outdoors in a suitable location.
Watering needs
Nephroma resupinatum (L.) Ach. requires moist conditions to grow. When cultivating it indoors, you should water the lichen regularly to maintain optimal moisture conditions. Outdoors, the species requires watering during dry seasons, particularly late spring and summer. Ensure the lichen does not dry out completely, but don't overwater it either, as this can cause damage.
Fertilization
Nephroma resupinatum (L.) Ach. is a type of lichen and does not require any fertilizers. The lichen obtains nutrients directly from the surrounding air and substrate. Fertilizing can even be detrimental to lichen growth, as it can promote the growth of competitive organisms.
Pruning
As with most lichens, pruning is not necessary for Nephroma resupinatum (L.) Ach. However, cleaning the bark of the host tree using a soft-bristled brush or a water jet is recommended to maintain optimal conditions for lichen growth.
Propagation of Nephroma resupinatum
Nephroma resupinatum (L.) Ach. can be propagated through vegetative division, spores, or tissue culture.
Vegetative Division
The easiest method of propagating Nephroma resupinatum is through vegetative division. This involves splitting the plant into smaller sections, each with its own root system. Typically, this is done in early spring when the plants are beginning to emerge from winter dormancy. The sections should be replanted immediately and kept cool and moist until new growth appears.
Spores
Nephroma resupinatum can also be propagated from spores, which are a type of reproductive cell produced by the plant. Spore propagation can be a bit more difficult than vegetative division, as it requires the correct conditions for germination and growth. To propagate Nephroma resupinatum from spores, collect spores from mature plants, sterilize them, and sow them onto a sterile substrate. Keep the substrate moist and at a temperature of around 20°C to encourage growth.
Tissue Culture
Tissue culture is a more advanced method of propagating Nephroma resupinatum, involving the growth of plant tissue in a laboratory setting. This method is generally used by scientists and researchers studying the plant, as it requires specialized equipment and expertise. However, tissue culture can provide a way to propagate large numbers of genetically identical plants.
Disease and Pest Management for Nephroma resupinatum (L.) Ach.
Nephroma resupinatum (L.) Ach. is a lichen species that may be affected by several diseases and pests. The following are some of the most common issues and ways to manage them:
Diseases
Anthracnose: This disease causes irregular lesions on the thallus of the lichen. One effective way to manage anthracnose is to prune infected tissue and dispose of it properly. Also, ensure the plant is not water-stressed as moist conditions favor the spread of fungal diseases.
Lichen spot disease: This disease causes irregular, dark-brown patches on the thallus, often leading to the death of the lichen. One way to manage it is by regularly removing debris and dead plant matter that can harbor the disease. Additionally, growing the lichen in well-draining soil and avoiding overhead watering can minimize the disease's incidence.
Pests
Scales: Scales are small insects that feed on the lichen, typically on the undersides of the branches. They secrete honeydew that can promote sooty mold growth on the lichen's surface. One way to manage scales is by pruning infected twigs and disposing of them properly. Use horticultural oil sprays to control scale infestations.
Spider Mites: Spider mites are tiny and hard to see, but they can cause significant damage to the lichen. They feed on plant sap, which makes the leaves appear yellowish and speckled. One way to manage spider mites is by regularly cleaning the area around the lichen and avoiding water stress.
Regular monitoring of the plant for diseases and pests helps in early identification and control. Use appropriate cultural methods such as pruning and proper irrigation to reduce the incidence of diseases and pests. Using pesticides and chemicals should only be a last resort and always according to the manufacturer's instructions.
