Overview
Neobolusia tysonii (Bolus) Schltr. is a charming and little-known orchid species in the family Orchidaceae. This terrestrial plant is endemic to South Africa and is widely cultivated for its ornamental value. It is known for its beautiful flowers and unusual shape, which make it an excellent addition to any orchid collection.
Common Names
Neobolusia tysonii is commonly known as the Pitfall Orchid, Tyson's Orchid, or the Saddle African Orchid.
Appearance
The pitfall orchid has a bizarre shape that makes it stand out from other orchids. It has a small cylindrical tuber that roots deep into the soil to absorb moisture. The leaves are few, long, and narrow, and can grow to be up to 25 cm long. The plant grows up to 30-45 cm tall with a purplish-green stem that carries tiny, fragrant flowers.
The plant's flowers have distinctive, spoon-shaped lip petals that give them the appearance of a tiny saddle. The flowers have a sweet scent and display a range of colors from yellow-green to reddish-brown, with bright red and yellow spots. The blooms last for several weeks and multiple flowers can grow on a single stem.
Uses
While the pitfall orchid has no known medicinal uses, it is widely cultivated for ornamental purposes due to its striking appearance and sweet fragrance. It is a favorite among collectors and can be used to add a unique touch to any garden or home collection. In the wild, the pitfall orchid plays an essential role in the ecosystem by providing habitat for pollinators and other insects.
Light Requirements
Neobolusia tysonii (Bolus) Schltr. requires moderate sunlight for growth. It can tolerate partial shade, but exposure to more sunlight is preferred. Direct sunlight should be avoided as it can damage the plant.
Temperature Requirements
The plant can grow in a wide range of temperatures, from 15°C to 30°C. However, it prefers a temperature range of 20°C to 25°C. Temperatures above 30°C may lead to dehydration and damage to the leaves, while frost and cold conditions below 10°C can adversely affect growth.
Soil Requirements
Neobolusia tysonii (Bolus) Schltr. requires well-draining soil with good moisture-retaining capabilities. It grows well in a mixture of loam, gravel, and sand with a pH range of 5.5 to 6.5. The soil must be enriched with organic matter such as compost or leaf litter, and fertilizers are recommended during the growing season.
Cultivation Methods
Neobolusia tysonii is an epiphytic orchid species that grows on rocks and tree branches in the wild. Therefore, it should be cultivated in conditions that mimic its natural habitat. It is best grown in a slatted wooden basket, filled with a mixture of wood chips, sphagnum moss, and charcoal. The basket should be hung high up in a shaded area with good air circulation.
This plant can be grown in a greenhouse or terrarium, but it requires bright, filtered light with no direct sunlight. It prefers warm temperatures between 21 – 27°C and high humidity levels between 60 – 80%. Avoid extreme temperature fluctuations and cold drafts as this can harm the plant.
Watering Needs
Neobolusia tysonii prefers to be kept moist but not soaking wet. In its natural habitat, it receives moisture from the humidity in the air and occasional rainfall. It is recommended to water the plant 2-3 times a week by dipping the basket in a container of water, allowing it to soak for a few minutes before draining off excess water.
During the winter months, when the plant is in dormancy, watering can be reduced to once a week or even less, depending on the humidity levels. It is crucial not to let the roots dry out completely as this can cause the plant to die.
Fertilization
Neobolusia tysonii requires a balanced fertilizer that contains nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K). It should be fertilized with a weak solution of a balanced orchid fertilizer every two weeks during the growing season. It is best to use rainwater or distilled water as the plant is sensitive to the salts in tap water.
Do not fertilize during winter dormancy, as this can cause damage to the plant. Over-fertilization can also cause damage, so it is crucial to follow the recommended dosage and frequency.
Pruning
Neobolusia tysonii does not require much pruning. The only necessary pruning is the removal of dead or yellowing leaves or roots. This should be done using sterile equipment to prevent the spread of disease.
The plant can also be divided using sterile equipment when it outgrows its basket or begins to produce too many “keikis” or small plantlets. The best time to divide the plant is after flowering and before new growth appears.
Propagation of Neobolusia tysonii (Bolus) Schltr.
Neobolusia tysonii is a rare and slow-growing orchid species that is known for its beautiful and fragrant flowers. The plant can be propagated through various methods that include:
1. Division:
Division is the most common method of propagating Neobolusia tysonii. It involves separating the plant into smaller sections that have their own roots and shoots. This method can be done either during repotting, or when the plant has grown big enough to be divided.
2. Seed propagation:
Seed propagation is another method of propagating Neobolusia tysonii, but it is a complex and time-consuming process. The seeds need to be collected from the parent plant and then germinated using a sterile medium. The seedlings will take several months to mature before they can be potted and grown as individual plants.
3. Keiki propagation:
Keiki propagation involves the emergence of small plantlets along the length of the stem of the parent plant. When the plantlets have developed enough roots, they can be removed gently and potted in a separate container. Keiki propagation is less common than seed and division methods, but it can be a good option for those who want to maintain the genetic integrity of the parent plant.
Regardless of the propagation method chosen, Neobolusia tysonii requires specific care instructions during propagation to ensure successful growth. The plant prefers bright, indirect light and a moist yet well-draining growing medium. Additionally, the use of an orchid-specific fertilizer can encourage healthy growth and root development.
Disease and Pest Management for Neobolusia Tysonii (Bolus) Schltr.
Neobolusia tysonii is a beautiful orchid with fragrant flowers that can last up to two weeks. However, like any other plant, it is susceptible to diseases and pests that can reduce its splendor. Here are some common diseases and pests to watch out for and some ways to manage them:
Diseases
Fungal Diseases: Neobolusia tysonii can be affected by different types of fungal diseases, including Botrytis and Fusarium. These fungal diseases can cause discoloration of the leaves and flowers, wilting, and even death of the plant. To prevent the growth and spread of fungal diseases, make sure to keep the plant dry and avoid overwatering. Additionally, it is recommended to use a fungicide to treat the plant regularly.
Bacterial Blight: Bacterial blight is a common disease that affects Neobolusia tysonii. Symptoms include brown spots, soft mushy tissue, and discoloration of the leaves. To prevent bacterial blight, keep the plant dry, avoid splashing water on the leaves, and prune diseased tissues immediately. Additionally, it is recommended to use copper-based fungicide to treat the plant.
Pests
Spider Mites: Spider mites are tiny pests that can cause damage by sucking the sap from the leaves and flowers of Neobolusia tysonii. Infested leaves become yellow with small webbing marks on the underside. To prevent spider mites, keep the plant in a humid environment and avoid overfertilization. If necessary, use an insecticidal soap to treat spider mites.
Scale Insects: Scale insects are another pest that can be found on Neobolusia tysonii. They can cause discoloration, scaly brown patches, and leaf drop. To prevent scale insects, isolate new plants, and inspect them carefully before introducing them to other plants. If the plant is already infested, use horticultural oil to treat the plant.
By being aware of these common diseases and pests and their management techniques, you can maintain the health and beauty of your Neobolusia tysonii.
