Introduction
Nasturtium obtusum Nutt. var. alpinum S. Wats. is a member of the mustard family, Brassicaceae. This plant is native to North America, specifically the western and central parts of the continent. It is commonly known as the mountain watercress or alpine watercress, due to its preference for growing in moist, rocky areas high in the mountains.
Physical Appearance
The mountain watercress plant has a small, tufted habit with wiry stems that grow up to about 10 cm in height. Its leaves are thin, small, and roundish to oval-shaped with a bluish-green color. The flowers grow in clusters at the end of the stems and are small, white, or creamy-colored with four petals. The plant produces round seedpods that burst into two halves when mature, releasing small, brown seeds.
Uses
The mountain watercress plant has been traditionally used by indigenous North American tribes for its medicinal properties. The plant is rich in vitamin C and contains sulfur compounds that are beneficial for respiratory health. The plant has been used to help with coughs, colds, and sore throats. Additionally, the plant has a peppery, tangy taste and is often used in salads and as a garnish for dishes. Its leaves add a unique flavor to sandwiches and soups.
Aside from its medicinal and culinary uses, the mountain watercress plant is also important in ecological preservation. Its presence indicates the presence of clean water, making it an indicator species that can be used for monitoring water quality. The plant also provides habitat and food for pollinators and other wildlife.
Conclusion
The mountain watercress plant, also known as Nasturtium obtusum Nutt. var. alpinum S. Wats., is a small, tufted herbaceous plant that is native to North America. Its leaves have a peppery flavor, making it a popular addition to salads and sandwiches. The plant also has important medicinal properties and is used for treating respiratory issues. Additionally, the plant serves as an indicator species for water quality and provides habitat and food for wildlife, making it an important part of ecological preservation efforts.
Light Requirements
Nasturtium obtusum Nutt. var. alpinum S. Wats. is a plant that thrives in full sun, which means it requires sunlight for at least six hours daily. If the plant doesn't receive enough light, it may suffer from stunted growth and produce fewer flowers. The best option is to plant the nasturtium in a location that gets full sunshine.
Soil Requirements
The nasturtium plant prefers to grow in soil that is well-draining and fertile. If the soil is not well-draining, it can promote root rot, which can kill the plant. Additionally, the soil should not be too wet or dry. If the soil stays too wet for an extended period, it can lead to fungal infections that can harm the plant. On the other hand, if the soil is too dry, the plant may struggle to get enough water and nutrients to grow and produce flowers.
Temperature Requirements
The nasturtium is a hardy plant that can withstand a range of temperatures, from 50°F to 80°F. However, it prefers a temperature range between 60°F and 70°F. In hot climates, it's essential to keep the plant in a shaded area, especially during the hottest part of the day. The plant can also tolerate frost and colder temperatures as low as 25°F, making it ideal for cooler growing zones.
Cultivation Methods
Nasturtium obtusum Nutt. var. alpinum S. Wats. is a low growing flowering plant that is easy to grow. It is hardy in Zones 3-10 and prefers well-drained soil. Begin by choosing a sunny location with soil that has been loosened to allow for proper root growth. Loosen soil to a depth of 6-8 inches and mix in organic material before planting.
Sow seeds directly into the ground at a depth of 1/4 inch, after the last frost date. Space seeds 6-12 inches apart in rows that are 12-18 inches apart. Once the seedlings are established, thin them to 6-12 inches apart so they have enough room to grow.
Watering Needs
Nasturtium obtusum Nutt. var. alpinum S. Wats. prefers consistently moist, well-drained soil. Water regularly, aiming to keep the soil moist but not waterlogged. During dry periods, increase watering to prevent the soil from drying out. Avoid overhead watering, as the foliage may be susceptible to fungal diseases, especially in humid conditions.
Fertilization
Nasturtium obtusum Nutt. var. alpinum S. Wats. is a plant that does not require heavy fertilization. Too much fertilizer can lead to lush foliage and poor flowering. Instead, use a slow-release fertilizer in the early spring to promote strong root development and healthy plant growth. Alternatively, you can add compost to the soil before planting to provide the necessary nutrients for the plant.
Pruning
Nasturtium obtusum Nutt. var. alpinum S. Wats. does not require frequent pruning. However, if you notice any dead or damaged leaves or stems, remove them promptly to prevent disease from spreading. Pinch back the tips of long, leggy stems to encourage branching and a bushier growth habit. Deadheading spent flowers can also promote continued blooming throughout the growing season.
Propagation of Nasturtium Obtusum Nutt. var. Alpinum S. Wats.
Nasturtium obtusum Nutt. var. alpinum S. Wats. can be propagated through various methods. Some of these methods are as follows:
Propagation through Seeds
Propagation of Nasturtium obtusum Nutt. var. alpinum S. Wats. through seeds is the most widely used method. Seeds of the plant are readily available in nurseries and garden centers. The seeds should be sown in spring or early summer when the soil temperature is above 15°C. The seeds should be sown in well-drained soil, and they should be about 1-2 cm deep. The seeds should be watered regularly, and the soil should not be allowed to dry out. Germination of the seeds usually takes 7-14 days. The seedlings can be transplanted after they have grown to a height of about 5 cm.
Propagation through Cuttings
Propagation of Nasturtium obtusum Nutt. var. alpinum S. Wats. through cuttings is also possible. Cuttings should be taken from mature plants during spring or early summer. Cuttings should be about 8-10 cm long and should be taken from the tips of the branches. The lower leaves should be removed, and the cuttings should be planted in a well-drained soil mix. The cuttings should be watered regularly and kept in a semi-shaded area until new growth appears. Roots will generally develop in 2-4 weeks, and the cuttings can then be potted up or transplanted into the garden.
Propagation through Division
Propagation of Nasturtium obtusum Nutt. var. alpinum S. Wats. through division is another possible method. This method is usually used to propagate clumping plants. The plant should be lifted from the ground and the clumps should be separated using a sharp knife, ensuring that each division has a good root system. The divided plants can be replanted in well-drained soil and watered regularly.
Disease and Pest Management for Nasturtium Obtusum Nutt. Var. Alpinum S. Wats.
Nasturtium obtusum Nutt. var. alpinum S. Wats. is a beautiful plant that is easy to grow. However, like all plants, it too is susceptible to diseases and pests. Here are some common diseases and pests that might affect the plant and ways to manage them:
Diseases
1. Powdery mildew: Powdery mildew is a fungal disease that forms a white, powdery coating on the leaves, stems, and flowers of the plant. To manage this disease, you can spray a solution of milk and water (1:9) on the affected areas once a week. You can also prune infected parts of the plant and remove any fallen leaves to prevent the disease from spreading.
2. Root rot: Root rot is a fungal disease that affects the roots of the plant. This disease can be caused by overwatering or poor drainage. To manage this disease, make sure the plant is not overwatered and there is proper drainage. Remove any infected plants and their soil to prevent the disease from spreading.
3. Bacterial leaf spot: Bacterial leaf spot is a disease that causes brown spots on the leaves of the plant. To manage this disease, you can spray a solution of copper fungicide on the affected areas once a week. You can also remove any infected leaves to prevent the disease from spreading.
Pests
1. Aphids: Aphids are small insects that suck the sap from the leaves and stems of the plant. To manage this pest, you can spray a solution of neem oil and water (1:9) on the affected areas. You can also introduce ladybugs, lacewings, or parasitic wasps to the garden to eat the aphids.
2. Slugs and snails: Slugs and snails are pests that feed on the leaves of the plant. To manage this pest, you can place beer traps in the garden to attract and drown the slugs and snails. You can also sprinkle diatomaceous earth around the base of the plant to create a barrier.
3. Spider mites: Spider mites are tiny pests that feed on the underside of the leaves, causing yellow spots to appear. To manage this pest, you can spray a solution of soap and water (1:9) on the affected areas. You can also introduce predatory mites or beetles to the garden to eat the spider mites.
