Overview
Nasturtium microspermum DC. is a species of flowering plant from the Brassicaceae family. It is known for its small seeds and vibrant yellow flowers. This plant is commonly used in traditional medicine for its various health benefits.
Origin
Nasturtium microspermum DC. is native to the Mediterranean region, specifically in countries such as Italy and Greece. Today, it can be found growing in various regions around the world, including North America and Australia.
Common Names
This plant is commonly known as Small-Seeded Watercress or Small-Seeded Indian Cress. In some regions, it is also referred to as Microseed Nasturtium.
Uses
Nasturtium microspermum DC. is known for its various medicinal properties. Its leaves, stems, and seeds are often used in traditional medicine to treat various ailments such as respiratory infections, bladder problems, and skin conditions. The plant is also used as a natural antibiotic and has been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties.
In addition to its medicinal uses, Nasturtium microspermum DC. is also used in various culinary dishes. The flowers and leaves have a peppery taste and are often used to add flavor to salads and other dishes. The seeds can also be pickled and used as a substitute for capers.
General Appearance
Nasturtium microspermum DC. is a small, herbaceous plant that typically grows to around 20-30 cm in height. It has small green leaves and vibrant yellow flowers that bloom in the spring and summer months. The plant produces small seeds that are approximately 1-2 mm in diameter. These seeds are often used for their medicinal and culinary properties.
Light Requirements
Nasturtium microspermum DC. grows best in bright, indirect light. It can tolerate a few hours of direct sunlight a day but may suffer from leaf burn if exposed to too much. It is recommended to place the plant near a north or east-facing window to ensure it receives enough light and will thrive.
Temperature Requirements
Nasturtium microspermum DC. can tolerate a wide temperature range and can adapt to different temperatures. It can survive in temperatures ranging from 50°F (10°C) to 75°F (24°C). However, it grows best in temperatures between 60°F (16°C) and 70°F (21°C). The plant cannot tolerate extreme temperatures and will suffer if exposed to temperatures above 80°F (27°C) or below 45°F (7°C).
Soil Requirements
Nasturtium microspermum DC. prefers well-draining soil that is enriched with organic matter. It thrives in soil with a pH range of 5.5 to 7.5. The soil should be kept moist but not waterlogged. Overwatering can lead to root rot, which can damage the plant. To ensure proper drainage, it is recommended to mix sand or perlite into the soil to improve the structure and drainage.
Cultivation Methods for Nasturtium microspermum DC.
Nasturtium microspermum DC. can be cultivated in a variety of soils but prefers well-drained, fertile soil. It is perfect for growing in containers and hanging baskets.
The best time to plant nasturtium seeds is in the spring or early summer when the soil is warm. Sow seeds directly into the soil about 1/2 inch deep and 6 inches apart, and cover with soil.
Nasturtium microspermum DC. can also be propagated by cuttings. Take a softwood cutting in the early summer and root it in moist soil or water.
Watering Needs for Nasturtium microspermum DC.
Nasturtium microspermum DC. requires regular watering, especially during hot and dry periods. Water deeply once or twice a week, depending on the soil and weather conditions.
When growing nasturtium in containers, ensure that they have good drainage to prevent waterlogging, as this can lead to root rot.
Fertilization of Nasturtium microspermum DC.
Nasturtium microspermum DC. does not necessarily need fertilization, but if you want to encourage growth and flowering, you can apply a balanced fertilizer once every three months.
Avoid using high-nitrogen fertilizers, as this can lead to excessive foliage growth at the expense of flowers.
Pruning Nasturtium microspermum DC.
Regular pruning of nasturtium microspermum DC. will encourage bushy growth and more flowers. Pinch off the tips of stems when the plant is young to promote branching.
Remove any yellow or dead leaves, as these can be a breeding ground for pests and diseases.
If your nasturtium plant becomes too large or unruly, you can cut it back by up to half its size. This will encourage fresh growth and help to keep the plant in shape.
Propagation of Nasturtium microspermum DC.
There are a few different methods to propagate Nasturtium microspermum DC.:
Seed Propagation
Nasturtium microspermum DC. can be propagated from seeds, which are readily available from many nurseries and seed suppliers. To start seeds indoors, sow them in pots or flats filled with a well-draining potting mix about 4 to 6 weeks before the last expected frost date. Seeds should be planted about 1/2 inch deep and kept moist until germination, which usually occurs within 7 to 10 days. Once seedlings have emerged and grown a few true leaves, they can be transplanted to their permanent growing location.
Cutting Propagation
Another way to propagate Nasturtium microspermum DC. is through stem cuttings. Choose healthy, mature stems and cut them into pieces about 3 or 4 inches long, making sure each piece has at least one node (where a leaf attaches to the stem). Remove any leaves from the bottom of the cutting, and dip the cut end in rooting hormone if desired. Plant the cutting in a well-draining potting mix, and keep it moist until roots have formed and new growth is visible.
Division Propagation
Finally, Nasturtium microspermum DC. can also be propagated by dividing existing plants. To do this, carefully dig up the plant and gently separate the root ball into sections, making sure each section has a healthy clump of stem and leaves. Replant each section in a new location and keep the soil moist until new growth appears.
Disease Management for Nasturtium microspermum DC.
Nasturtium microspermum DC. can be affected by various fungal and bacterial diseases. The common diseases that affect this plant include:
- Downy mildew: This disease leads to the formation of yellow or brown spots on the leaves and can be controlled by ensuring proper air circulation around the plants and avoiding overhead watering.
- Botrytis blight: This disease leads to the formation of grayish-brown spots on the flowers leaves and stems and can be managed by removing the infected parts of the plant and avoiding overhead irrigation.
- Leaf blight: This disease causes the formation of dark green or black spots on the leaves, and it can be controlled using fungicides.
To control these diseases, it is essential to ensure proper watering and fertilization, avoid overcrowding, and remove any infected parts of the plant. Applying fungicides early in the plant's growth can also prevent fungal and bacterial infections.
Pest Management for Nasturtium microspermum DC.
Nasturtium microspermum DC. can also be affected by various pests, which include:
- Aphids: These insects feed on the sap of the plant and can be managed by applying insecticidal soap or neem oil.
- Caterpillars: They eat the leaves and stems of the plant, and handpicking is an effective way of getting rid of these pests.
- Spider mites: They are commonly found on the underside of the leaves and can be managed using neem oil or insecticidal soap.
It is essential to keep the garden free of weeds and debris because they can harbor pest insects. Applying organic control methods like natural predators, sticky cards, and pheromone traps can also help in managing pests in the garden. Regular inspection and early detection are critical to pest control when it comes to nasturtiums.
