Plant Description
Mystacidium exile (Lindl.) T.Durand & Schinz is a terrestrial orchid species native to southern and tropical Africa. The plant is commonly known as the Cape Orchid or the Giant Scribbles. This species is a lithophyte and epiphyte, which means it grows on rocks and trees.
General Appearance
Mystacidium exile has a tall, vining habit and can grow up to 60 cm in length. The thick, fleshy stems are covered with glossy leaves that are dark green and leathery. The flowers are small and arranged in long, arching clusters that can grow up to 15 cm in length. The blooms are typically white, though they can be yellowish or greenish, and are marked with dark purple lines or spots. The plant blooms from late winter to early spring.
Uses
Mystacidium exile is a popular ornamental plant that is commonly cultivated for its beautiful flowers. The long-lasting blooms are often used in floral arrangements and as cut flowers for corsages and boutonnieres. In traditional medicine, the plant is used to treat headaches, stomachaches, and other ailments. The sap of the plant is also used as a glue in certain African cultures.
Overall, Mystacidium exile is a lovely and versatile plant with many uses and a unique appearance that make it a favorite among orchid enthusiasts and florists alike.
Light Requirements
Mystacidium exile requires bright, indirect light to grow and thrive. It needs to be kept in a shaded area and protected from direct sunlight, which can cause the leaves to burn. The plant requires around 12-14 hours of bright light per day to sustain healthy photosynthesis. If the light conditions are not favorable, the plant may stop growing, and the flowers may not bloom.
Temperature Requirements
The plant prefers warm temperatures like those found in their natural habitat in South Africa. The daytime temperature should be between 21-26°C and the nighttime temperature around 15-18°C. However, it can tolerate temperatures as low as 8°C during winter dormancy. It is essential to keep the plant away from cold drafts or air conditioning vents as it can stunt the plant's growth or cause the leaves to turn yellow.
Soil Requirements
The plant grows well in well-draining soil, which is rich in organic matter. The best option for planting Mystacidium exile is a mixture of sphagnum moss, fir bark, perlite, and charcoal. The pH of the soil should be slightly acidic, between 5.5-6.5. It is essential to ensure that the soil never becomes waterlogged; otherwise, it can lead to root rot, which can be fatal. Regular watering is essential to keep the soil moist but not wet.
Cultivation methods
Mystacidium exile (Lindl.) T.Durand & Schinz is an epiphyte, meaning it grows on other plants, and is native to South Africa. It can also be grown in a pot as long as it has sufficient drainage. The plant requires bright, indirect light, and temperatures should not drop below 50 degrees Fahrenheit.
Watering needs
The plant should be watered thoroughly once a week during the growing season, allowing the soil to dry out slightly between waterings. During the winter months, the plant should be watered less frequently, maybe once in two weeks. It is best to use rainwater or distilled water since Mystacidium exile is sensitive to fluoride in tap water.
Fertilization
Mystacidium exile should be fertilized with a balanced orchid fertilizer twice a month during the growing season, and once a month in the winter. Diluted liquid fish emulsion can also be used. Always follow the manufacturer's instructions on the label to avoid over-fertilization, which can damage the plant.
Pruning
Pruning is not necessary for Mystacidium exile unless the plant has become too tall or the appearance is not desirable. To prune, cut off the stem above a node where a new growth will emerge. Disinfect the cutting tool before and after pruning to avoid spreading diseases.
Propagation of Mystacidium exile (Lindl.) T.Durand & Schinz
Mystacidium exile (Lindl.) T.Durand & Schinz is an epiphytic orchid species that is native to the Eastern parts of Africa. The plant has beautiful purple and white flowers and is often grown for its ornamental value. To propagate Mystacidium exile (Lindl.) T.Durand & Schinz, there are two main methods that can be used:
1. Division
Division is the most common method of propagating Mystacidium exile (Lindl.) T.Durand & Schinz. This method involves dividing the parent plant into smaller sections, each with its own roots and shoots. The best time to divide the plant is during the active growth period in the spring. Here are the steps to follow when propagating Mystacidium exile (Lindl.) T.Durand & Schinz through division:
- Carefully remove the plant from its pot and gently separate the roots of the parent plant into individual sections.
- Trim off any dead or damaged roots with a sterilized pair of scissors or pruning shears.
- Divide the parent plant into smaller clumps, ensuring that each section has a bud or shoot, as well as a few healthy roots.
- Plant the divided sections into separate pots filled with the appropriate potting medium and water thoroughly.
- Place the newly propagated plants in a warm, humid location with filtered light until they establish roots and begin to grow.
2. Seed propagation
Seed propagation is a more challenging and time-consuming method of propagating Mystacidium exile (Lindl.) T.Durand & Schinz. This method involves planting seeds in a sterile growing medium and providing the appropriate conditions for germination and growth. Here are the steps to follow when propagating Mystacidium exile (Lindl.) T.Durand & Schinz through seed propagation:
- Obtain fresh Mystacidium exile (Lindl.) T.Durand & Schinz seeds from a reputable source.
- Sterilize the seeds by soaking them in a 10% bleach solution for 10-15 minutes, followed by rinsing with clean water.
- Sow the sterilized seeds onto a sterile growing medium, such as agar or sphagnum moss.
- Place the container with the seeds in a warm (70-80°F), humid location with filtered light.
- Mist the seedlings regularly to keep the growing medium moist and provide some ventilation by removing the cover for a few minutes each day.
- Wait for the seedlings to develop a few leaves before transferring them into individual pots with an appropriate potting medium and continue care as usual.
Disease Management
Mystacidium exile is generally a healthy plant species, but it may encounter some diseases in certain situations. By keeping the plant healthy and cultivating it in proper conditions, it is possible to prevent such diseases from occurring.
Fungal diseases like root rot, powdery mildew, and leaf spot may occur in plants suffering from overwatering. To avoid root rot, provide adequate drainage by introducing a layer of gravel at the bottom of the pot. Remove the affected leaves to control leaf spot and powdery mildew, and avoid overhead watering.
Bacterial diseases may cause symptoms such as blight, stem canker, and crown gall in infected plants. The best approach to manage bacterial diseases is through prevention by eliminating their causes, such as removing infected plant materials and practicing good hygiene in plant handling.
Pest Management
Mystacidium exile is subject to various pests, including spider mites, mealybugs, and scale insects. To control these pests, use horticultural soap, insecticidal soap, or neem oil, which is a natural insecticide, on the plant's foliage, paying careful attention to the undersides of the leaves.
Nematodes are tiny worm-like insects that feed on plant roots, leading to stunted growth and wilting. To manage nematodes, use soil drenches with nematicides, which are chemicals that control nematodes. Also, prevent nematodes from spreading by avoiding cross-contamination of soil, sterilizing plant tools, and using clean bags for potting soil.
Finally, snails and slugs feed on Mystacidium exile's foliage, leading to ragged holes and yellowing spots. Reduce pest populations by eliminating hiding places around the plant and hand-picking the slugs and snails under cover of darkness.
