Overview of Myriotrema microporum (Mont.) Hale
Myriotrema microporum is a species of lichen belonging to the family Graphidaceae. The species was first identified by Italian botanist Carlo Luigi Spegazzini and later described by the American lichenologist Mason Ellsworth Hale. It is native to South America and commonly found in the Andes Mountains of Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, and Peru.
General Appearance
Myriotrema microporum is a foliose lichen that appears light gray or greenish-gray in color. The thallus of the lichen is thin, smooth, and circular in shape, with a diameter ranging between 1-3 cm. The surface of the thallus is usually covered in white granules or soredia, which help to spread the fungus. The underside of the thallus is brown or black in color, and has small, black rhizines that help anchor the lichen to its substrate.
Common Names and Uses
Myriotrema microporum is commonly known as "Gregarious Lichen" or "Graphidaceae Lichen" due to its family and distribution. Historically, many indigenous groups have used lichens like Myriotrema microporum for various medicinal and spiritual purposes. It is believed to possess antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties and has been used to treat wounds, infections, and respiratory illnesses. Additionally, lichens like Myriotrema microporum have been used in dyeing textiles, and as natural indicators of air quality and ecosystem health.
Light Requirements
Myriotrema microporum is generally found growing in shaded environments, with very limited exposure to direct sunlight. It prefers to grow under the cover of other plant species or in areas with dappled light. Direct sunlight exposure can burn and damage the delicate thallus of the plant.
Temperature Requirements
Myriotrema microporum grows optimally in temperatures of 18-20°C. It can survive in cooler temperatures, with the lower limit of around 10°C. However, extreme cold can be detrimental to the growth of the plant and result in stunted growth or death. Too high temperatures above 25°C can also cause the thallus to dry out and wither.
Soil Requirements
Myriotrema microporum is an epiphytic species and does not require soil for growth. It can be found growing on the bark of trees, rocks, or other vegetation. However, it does require a stable substrate to attach and grow on. The preferred substrate is one with high porosity and moisture retention. It does not tolerate stagnant water and requires good drainage to prevent the accumulation of water beneath the thallus, which can cause it to detach and die.
Cultivation Methods
Myriotrema microporum is a low-maintenance plant that is relatively easy to grow. It can be cultivated both indoors and outdoors, depending on your preference. If you decide to plant it outside, make sure to select a shady location with plenty of indirect light. Alternatively, you can keep it indoors by placing it near a window that receives adequate sunlight.
When planting the Myriotrema microporum, ensure that you use well-draining soil as this plant does not tolerate water-logged soils. Additionally, use a pot with drainage holes for indoor cultivation and loosen up the soil once the plant has taken roots.
Watering Needs
This plant does not require frequent watering as it is drought-tolerant to a great extent. Only water it when the soil is dry to touch, but take care not to overwater. Allow the soil to dry out before the next watering session. When watering, do so gently to avoid waterlogging or damaging the foliage.
Fertilization
Myriotrema microporum does not require frequent fertilization. However, during its growing season, apply a balanced fertilizer every two months. Avoid fertilizing during the dormant months when the plant is not actively growing. Over-fertilization can lead to weakened roots and wilting of the foliage.
Pruning
This plant does not require extensive pruning. However, it is advisable to remove any damaged or yellowing leaves as they may harbor diseases that could affect the health of the plant. Pruning can also help to improve the circulation of air and light to the rest of the plant, ensuring healthy growth and development. Trim off any elongated or yellowing branches using a clean and sharp pruning shear, taking care not to damage the rest of the plant.
Propagation of Myriotrema Microporum
Myriotrema Microporum is a species of lichen that belongs to the family Graphidaceae. It is commonly found on bark and wood and has a yellow-green to olive-green color. Propagation of this plant can be done through vegetative propagation or sexual reproduction.
Vegetative Propagation
Vegetative propagation is the process of multiplying plants asexually. In Myriotrema Microporum, vegetative propagation happens when the thallus fragments or breaks off and forms new plants. This method of propagation is applicable to lichens that have a thallus with numerous isidia, soredia, or fragmentation.
Sexual Reproduction
Sexual reproduction in Myriotrema Microporum occurs when apothecia that contain ascospores are produced. The ascospores develop into new thalli. In this method, it will take a long time for the lichen to grow and reproduce. Therefore, vegetative propagation is a more effective method of propagating this plant.
Overall, vegetative propagation is a better way to propagate Myriotrema Microporum. Rough handling or accidental damage can cause the thallus to fragment, which can lead to the formation of new plants. If the plant is healthy and well-cared-for, it can take a few months for the new thalli to grow to a viable size.
Disease and Pest Management for Myriotrema Microporum (Mont.) Hale
Myriotrema microporum (Mont.) Hale is a species of lichens that can be found growing on rocks or trees. Lichens are known to be relatively resistant to pests and diseases, but they are not entirely immune. Proper disease and pest management practices are crucial to maintaining a healthy and thriving population of Myriotrema microporum. Here are some common pests and diseases that affect this plant and ways to manage them:
Common Pests
1. Spider mites: Spider mites are known to infest lichens and can cause extensive damage to the plant. They feed on the sap of the plant, which can lead to yellowing and browning of the affected area. They can be identified by the tiny webs they produce on the plant and their small size (0.5mm).
Management: A good way to manage spider mites is by spraying the affected area with neem oil. Neem oil is non-toxic and safe for the environment. It works by preventing the pests from reproducing and damaging the plant further. You can also introduce beneficial insects such as ladybugs or lacewings to help manage spider mites.
2. Scale insects: Scale insects are small, flat, oval, and brownish or grey in color. They feed on the sap of the plant, which can cause wilting and yellowing of the affected area. They can also produce a sticky substance known as honeydew, which attracts ants and can lead to the growth of sooty mold.
Management: Scale insects can be managed by scraping them off the plant using a soft-bristled brush or a cotton swab dipped in alcohol. Horticultural oil sprays can also be used to smother and kill the pests. However, it is essential to check the label of the product before use as some lichens may be sensitive to some oils.
Common Diseases
1. Lichenicolous fungi: Lichenicolous fungi are fungi that infect and grow on lichens. They can cause discoloration, distortion, and even complete destruction of the plant. The fungus appears as small, dark spots or patches on the lichen.
Management: There is no known cure for lichenicolous fungi, and the best way to manage it is by isolating the infected plant and removing it. This can prevent the spread of the fungus to other plants.
2. Environmental stress: Lichens are sensitive to environmental factors such as air pollution and changes in temperature and humidity levels. These factors can lead to the death or decline of the plant.
Management: To manage environmental stress, it is essential to provide a favorable growing environment for the plant. This includes avoiding areas with high pollution levels, providing a stable and suitable temperature and humidity, and ensuring proper lighting conditions for the plant to photosynthesize efficiently. Regular inspection and monitoring of the plant can also help detect stress and manage it before it causes significant damage.
By practicing proper pest and disease management practices, you can maintain a healthy and thriving population of Myriotrema microporum. Remember to be mindful and avoid the use of harmful chemicals, as they can lead to adverse effects on the environment and other organisms.
