Origin
Myriophyllum verticillatum L. var. pectinatum Wallr., commonly known as Whorled Watermilfoil, is a perennial aquatic plant that originated in North America, South America, Europe, and Asia.
Common Names
Whorled Watermilfoil is commonly known by several other names, including Whorled Waterweed, Whorled Milfoil, and Whorled Leaf Watermilfoil.
Uses
Whorled Watermilfoil is often used in aquariums and water gardens due to its attractive appearance. It can also provide a habitat for aquatic animals and improve water quality by oxygenating the water and removing pollutants.
However, if Whorled Watermilfoil is not properly managed, it can become invasive and disrupt ecosystems by crowding out native aquatic plants and reducing biodiversity.
General Appearance
Whorled Watermilfoil has a distinctive appearance with its long, slender stems and whorls of feathery, green leaves. The stems can grow up to three meters long and branch out widely, creating dense mats of vegetation on the water's surface.
The leaves, which are the most notable feature of Whorled Watermilfoil, are arranged in groups of four to eight and have a pectinate or comb-like appearance. They are delicate and finely divided, giving the plant a soft and graceful appearance.
Whorled Watermilfoil blooms from June to September and produces small, inconspicuous flowers that are either white or pale pink in color.
Growth Conditions of Myriophyllum verticillatum L. var. pectinatum Wallr.
Light Requirements: Myriophyllum verticillatum L. var. pectinatum Wallr. requires plenty of light to grow efficiently. It prefers bright light or direct sunlight for at least 6 hours a day. Inadequate light can lead to slower growth and even cause the plant to die. Therefore, it's necessary to ensure that the plant is placed in a well-lit area.
Temperature Requirements: The temperature range for optimal growth of Myriophyllum verticillatum L. var. pectinatum Wallr. is between 20°C and 30°C (68°F - 86°F). The plant prefers warm water, but it can also survive in cooler temperatures. However, the growth rate of the plant decreases in extreme temperatures (below 10°C or above 35°C).
Soil Requirements: This plant grows well in various soil types, such as clay, silt, and sand. It requires a pH range of 6.5 to 7.5 for optimal growth. The plant is sensitive to high levels of pollutants. Therefore, it's essential to grow it in clean water to get the best growth results. Additionally, the plant requires adequate nutrients, primarily nitrogen and iron, to grow efficiently.
Water Requirements: Myriophyllum verticillatum L. var. pectinatum Wallr. requires consistent access to water to grow efficiently. It requires a pH range of 6.5 to 7.5 to survive. Inadequate water can cause the plant to wilt and die. Additionally, stagnant water can cause diseases such as rotting and decay, decreasing the plant's growth rate. Therefore, it's necessary to ensure that there is enough water flow to avoid stagnant water.
Care Requirements: This plant requires minimal care to grow efficiently. However, pruning is necessary to maintain its shape and promote growth. Pruning encourages the plant to grow bushier. Additionally, regular water changes help to maintain nutrient levels and keep pollutants at bay.
Cultivation Methods
The Myriophyllum verticillatum L. var. pectinatum Wallr. is a freshwater plant that grows well in an aquarium setting. It prefers mildly acidic to alkaline water with a pH of 6.0 to 7.5 and a temperature range of 68°F to 82°F. This plant grows best in moderate to high light intensity. Ensure that the aquarium receives adequate light by placing it near a window or using artificial lighting.
Watering Needs
Keep the water levels of the tank consistent to avoid dehydration. The Myriophyllum verticillatum plant requires frequent water changes to maintain water quality and prevent diseases. Change at least a third of the water in the tank every week.
Fertilization
Fertilize the Myriophyllum verticillatum plant at least once a week to ensure proper growth. Choose a quality liquid fertilizer that provides nutrients like potassium, nitrogen, and phosphorous. Ensure to distribute the fertilizer throughout the water evenly.
Pruning
The Myriophyllum verticillatum plant requires regular pruning to maintain its shape and promote healthy growth. Use pruning shears to trim the top portion of the plant, removing any dead or yellowing leaves. Pruning makes the plant bushy and also encourages new growth. It is recommended that you prune the plant once a month.
Propagation of Myriophyllum verticillatum L. var. pectinatum Wallr.
There are three methods for propagating Myriophyllum verticillatum L. var. pectinatum Wallr. described below:
1. Vegetative Propagation
Vegetative propagation can be done by taking cuttings from healthy plants. Cuttings should be taken from the upper stems of the plant, about 10-15 cm long, and with 4-5 nodes. The cutting should be planted in gravel or sand substrate and submerged in water. Within 3-4 weeks, roots will develop, and new shoots will emerge from the nodes. After a few weeks, the new plantlets can be separated and planted into individual pots.
2. Seed Propagation
Seed propagation can be done by harvesting the ripe seeds of the plant. The seeds should be collected when the seed capsules turn brown. The seeds are then cleaned and dried before planting. The seeds can be sown in moist soil or in water. If sowing in water, seeds should be placed in a container of water with a depth of 10-15 cm. The container should be placed in a bright location and kept at a temperature of around 20-24°C. Within two to three weeks, the seeds will germinate, and tiny plantlets will emerge.
3. Division
Division can be done by separating the plant into smaller portions. This method is only recommended for mature plants that have been growing for at least one year. The plant should be carefully removed from the substrate, and the roots should be gently separated. The plant can be divided into smaller sections, with each section having a healthy stem and root system. The divided sections can be planted in separate pots or directly in the substrate.
Disease and Pest Management for Myriophyllum verticillatum L. var. pectinatum Wallr.
Myriophyllum verticillatum L. var. pectinatum Wallr., commonly known as the whorled watermilfoil, is a popular aquatic plant that is often used for aquariums and water gardens. However, like all plants, it is vulnerable to certain diseases and pests that can affect its growth and overall health. It is essential to manage these diseases and pests to ensure the plant's proper growth and development.
Common Diseases
One of the most common diseases that affect Myriophyllum verticillatum is the whorl canker, caused by the fungus Sphaeropsis sapinea. This disease causes the plant's leaves and stems to turn brown and die off, ultimately leading to the plant's death. The best way to manage whorl canker is to remove and destroy the infected plant parts and regularly inspect the plant for any signs of the disease.
Another common disease that affects Myriophyllum verticillatum is Pythium root rot, caused by the pathogen Pythium diclinum. This disease causes the plant's roots to rot, leading to stunted growth and yellowing of the leaves. Proper water management, such as limiting the amount of water and allowing the soil to dry out between waterings, can reduce the risk of Pythium root rot. The use of fungicides may also be effective in managing the disease.
Common Pests
Myriophyllum verticillatum is susceptible to attack by various aquatic insects and snails. The most common pests that affect this plant are the whorled watermilfoil weevil (Euhrychiopsis lecontei) and the Chinese mystery snail (Cipangopaludina chinensis). These pests feed on the plant's leaves and stems, leading to stunted growth and even death. Regular inspection and removal of these pests can prevent the damage they cause.
Other pests that may affect Myriophyllum verticillatum include aphids and mites. These pests can be managed by using insecticidal soaps or oils and maintaining a healthy environment for the plant. Additionally, avoiding overcrowding the plant can reduce the risk of pest infestations.
Overall, managing diseases and pests is crucial for the proper growth and development of Myriophyllum verticillatum. Regular inspection, removal of infected plant parts, and proper water management can prevent diseases, while regularly inspecting and removing pests can prevent damage caused by them.
