Overview
Myoporum sandwicense, also known as naio or false sandalwood, is an evergreen tree or shrub belonging to the figwort family (Scrophulariaceae). It is native to the Hawaiian Islands and can be found in coastal and lowland areas.
Description
Naio plants can grow up to 30 feet tall but are more commonly seen as small trees or shrubs. The leaves are small, glossy, and dark green, and the bark is gray to reddish-brown. The flowers are white or pale pink and appear in clusters at the end of branches from spring to early summer. The fruit is a small, fleshy drupe that turns from green to purple-black as it matures.
Uses
Myoporum sandwicense has been used for a variety of purposes by native Hawaiians. The wood was used to make tools, fishing net floats, and musical instruments. The bark was used as a dye, and the leaves and bark were used medicinally to treat various ailments.
Today, naio is commonly used in landscaping for its drought tolerance, wind resistance, and attractive appearance. It can be planted as a hedge or screen, and the small trees are often used as street trees in coastal areas. The wood is still used in traditional Hawaiian crafts, and the oil extracted from the plant is used in fragrances.
Threats
Myoporum sandwicense is threatened by habitat loss due to development and invasive plant species. It is also susceptible to a fungal disease called myrtle rust, which has been introduced to Hawaii.
Light Requirements
Myoporum sandwicense typically grows in areas with full to partial sun exposure. In its natural habitat, it is commonly found in the coastal regions and on rocky slopes where it receives ample sunlight. It is suggested that the plant be given at least 6 hours of sunlight per day to achieve optimal growth. If the plant is grown indoors, it is essential to place it in a location where it can receive direct or indirect sunlight. However, too much direct sunlight can burn the leaves, and shade is necessary in such cases.
Temperature Requirements
Myoporum sandwicense thrives well in warm climates and is native to Hawaii, where it grows in warm temperatures. The ideal temperature range for this plant is between 60 to 80 F (16 to 27 C). It can tolerate high humidity levels but does not survive freezing temperatures and frost. Young plants are more susceptible to cold than mature ones, so proper care should be taken during the winter season. Temperature fluctuations can cause the plant to become stressed and lead to slower growth or death in severe cases.
Soil Requirements
The soil requirements for Myoporum sandwicense are well-draining, nutrient-rich, and slightly acidic soil. It needs a soil that is somewhat moist but well-draining to prevent root rot. A mixture of sand, peat moss, and loam can be used for planting, and it is suggested that the plant be grown in a raised bed. The pH level of the soil should be in the range of 6.0 to 7.0. It is not recommended to grow this plant in heavy clay or waterlogged soils, as it can lead to root rot and death. Fertilizers can be added to the soil to provide additional nutrients, but over-fertilization should be avoided.
Cultivation of Myoporum sandwicense
Myoporum sandwicense is a shrub that is native to Hawaii. It grows best in warm and dry conditions, with full sun exposure. The plant can be grown in most well-drained soils, including sandy and clay soils. It is susceptible to root rot, so avoid overwatering or planting in areas with poor drainage.
Watering Needs
Myoporum sandwicense requires moderate watering, especially during the growing season. Water the plant regularly but do not overwater as it can cause root rot. Allow the soil to dry out slightly before watering again. During the winter season, water the plant sparingly.
Fertilization
Apply a balanced fertilizer to Myoporum sandwicense during the growing season to promote healthy growth. Use a slow-release fertilizer or one that is high in nitrogen to encourage vegetative growth. Avoid fertilizing during the winter season when the plant is dormant.
Pruning
Prune Myoporum sandwicense after flowering to control its size and shape. The plant responds well to pruning, and it can be pruned heavily if needed. When pruning, cut back to just above a node or lateral branch to promote new growth. Remove any damaged or diseased branches to keep the plant healthy.
Propagation of Myoporum sandwicense (A. DC.) Gray
Myoporum sandwicense (A. DC.) Gray, commonly known as naio or bastard sandalwood, is a slow-growing endemic Hawaiian plant. It is best propagated through vegetative means, since its seeds often have low germination rates.
Propagation by Cuttings
Cutting propagation is the most common method used to reproduce Myoporum sandwicense. Softwood cuttings taken from actively growing stems are preferred, as they have a higher success rate than semi-hardwood or hardwood cuttings. The cuttings should be between 2 to 6 inches long and have at least two nodes. They can be dipped in rooting hormone and placed in a well-drained propagation mix of sand, perlite or vermiculite.
The cuttings should then be placed in a greenhouse or under misting until they have rooted, which can take up to six months. Once rooted, the cuttings can be transferred to individual pots or grown in a nursery bed until they are large enough to be planted in their permanent location.
Air-layering Propagation
Air-layering can also be used to propagate Myoporum sandwicense. This method involves wounding a stem and encouraging it to produce roots while still attached to the parent plant. You can do this by wrapping a section of the stem with damp sphagnum moss and covering it with plastic wrap.
As roots emerge from the wound, they can be encouraged by adding additional sphagnum moss and keeping the area moist. After a few months, when roots have developed, the stem can be removed from the parent plant and planted in a well-drained soil mixture.
Disease and Pest Management for Myoporum sandwicense
Myoporum sandwicense is a popular ornamental shrub native to Hawaii. While it is generally healthy and resistant to pests and diseases, there are still a few potential threats that can affect these plants.
Common Diseases
One of the most common diseases that can affect Myoporum sandwicense is Powdery Mildew. This is a fungal disease that appears as a powdery white coating on the leaves. To manage this disease, it is recommended to remove any infected parts of the plant and improve air circulation by pruning. Fungicides may also be used if the disease is severe.
Rust is another fungal disease that can affect Myoporum sandwicense. This disease causes reddish-brown spots on the leaves and can lead to defoliation. To manage rust, it is recommended to remove any infected leaves and apply preventive fungicides.
Common Pests
While Myoporum sandwicense is relatively resistant to pests, there are a few that can cause problems.
The Myoporum Thrips is a common pest that can cause leaf distortion and discoloration. To manage this pest, it is recommended to prune infested leaves and apply insecticidal soap or other insecticides.
The Mealybug is another common pest that can infest Myoporum sandwicense. These insects feed on the plant sap, which can lead to weakened growth and yellowing leaves. To manage mealybugs, it is recommended to remove them by hand or apply insecticides.
Overall, Myoporum sandwicense is a hardy and low-maintenance plant that is relatively resistant to pests and diseases. However, it is important to monitor the plant for any signs of problems and take immediate action to manage them.
