Overview of Myelochroa metarevoluta
Myelochroa metarevoluta (Asah.) Elix & Hale, also known as Xanthoparmelia metarevoluta Asah, is a species of lichen belonging to the Parmeliaceae family. This lichen is commonly found growing in moist environments such as forests, rocky outcrops, and wetlands. It has a cosmopolitan distribution and can be found in different regions of the world such as Africa, Asia, North America, and South America.
Appearance
The thallus of Myelochroa metarevoluta is foliose, with a diameter ranging from 4-10 cm. It is tightly attached to the substrate, and its lobes are flat, smooth, and pale greenish-grey in color. The lobes may have a few fissures or cracks towards the edges. The lichen produces isidia, which are small, elongated, knob-like structures that help in asexual reproduction. The apothecia of Myelochroa metarevoluta are rare and are found in the center of the thallus. The apothecia are brownish-black in color and have a diameter of 2-4 mm.
Common Names
Myelochroa metarevoluta is commonly known as "upright sunburst lichen," "green shield lichen," and "grey-green shield lichen" because of its unique appearance. These common names are used because of the lichen's habit of tightly attaching to the substrate and its pale greenish-grey color.
Uses
Myelochroa metarevoluta has been used for medicinal purposes by different indigenous cultures. It has been used as a poultice to treat cuts, bruises, and wounds. It has also been used to treat respiratory ailments such as coughs, colds, and bronchitis. Its medicinal properties are attributed to its secondary metabolites such as usnic acid, atranorin, and zeorin.
Additionally, Myelochroa metarevoluta is an important indicator of air quality. Lichens are sensitive to air pollution, and their presence or absence in an area can determine the air quality. The presence of Myelochroa metarevoluta in an area indicates good air quality. This makes it an important lichen species for monitoring air pollution in different regions of the world.
Growth Conditions for Myelochroa metarevoluta
Myelochroa metarevoluta is a lichenized fungus that grows on rocks and bark in various geographical locations. It is commonly found in humid regions across North and South America, including the Appalachian Mountains, the Coastal Range of California, the Andes mountains, and the Brazilian shield. The growth conditions for Myelochroa metarevoluta can vary depending on its environment, but there are several key factors that contribute to its growth and survival.
Light Requirements
Myelochroa metarevoluta grows best in shaded areas with diffuse light. It is adapted to low-light conditions and can tolerate partial sun exposure, but direct sunlight can be harmful to its growth. In the wild, it is often found growing under the canopy of trees or in areas with dappled light.
Temperature Requirements
Myelochroa metarevoluta can survive in a wide range of temperatures. However, its optimal temperature range for growth is between 5°C to 20°C. It can withstand extreme cold temperatures as low as -20°C. In hot and dry conditions, the lichen may become dormant and stop growing.
Soil Requirements
Myelochroa metarevoluta does not require soil for its growth. Instead, it grows on rocks, tree bark, and other substrates. The lichen can tolerate a wide range of pH levels, but it prefers slightly acidic to neutral substrates. In some cases, the presence of certain minerals in the substrate can enhance its growth and development.
Cultivation
Myelochroa metarevoluta is often found growing on tree trunks in mountainous regions. To cultivate this plant, it is best to mimic its natural habitat. Plant it on the bark of trees or on rocks in a partially shaded area. It is important that the substrate is well-draining and consists of materials such as bark, sphagnum moss, and perlite. Use a basket or container that allows adequate air circulation.
Watering
This plant needs to be kept consistently moist, but not waterlogged. It is best to water it deeply once a week. Place the basket or container in a tray of water to allow it to soak up the moisture. Avoid getting water on the foliage as this can cause damage.
Fertilization
Myelochroa metarevoluta should be fertilized with a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer once a month during the growing season. Use a weak solution and apply it to the substrate. Be careful not to over-fertilize, as this can cause fertilizer burn and damage to the plant.
Pruning
This plant does not require much pruning. However, if it becomes too large for its basket or container, it can be divided and repotted. Remove any dead or damaged foliage, but avoid cutting into live tissue. It is important to note that this plant is a slow grower, so pruning should be kept to a minimum.
Propagation of Myelochroa Metarevoluta Plant
Myelochroa metarevoluta is commonly propagated through asexual methods, including division and fragmentation.
Division
Division is usually done in the spring or fall when the plant is dormant. The plant is dug up and carefully divided into several clumps using a sharp knife or spade. Each clump must have sufficient roots and stems to survive the process. The clumps are replanted into well-draining soil, and watered thoroughly.
Fragmentation
Fragmentation is another asexual method of propagating Myelochroa metarevoluta. This involves breaking off sections of the plant and planting them in a new location. Fragmentation is best carried out in the spring or early summer when the plant is actively growing. The fragment should be carefully removed using a sharp knife or spade. The new plant is then planted into well-draining soil using rooting hormones to promote root development.
Propagation using cuttings is not recommended for Myelochroa metarevoluta plant as it is not successful due to the plant's slow growth and difficulty in rooting.
Disease and Pest Management for Myelochroa metarevoluta (Asah.) Elix & Hale
Myelochroa metarevoluta is a type of lichen that can suffer from various diseases and pest infestations if proper care is not given. Some of the most common diseases and pests that can affect the plant are:
Fungal Diseases:
Myelochroa metarevoluta is susceptible to fungal disease attacks like other plants. Some of the common fungal diseases that can affect the plant include Anthracnose, Rust, and Leaf Spots. Anthracnose can be identified by circular spots that are brown in the center and dark red at the edges. In contrast, Rust manifests as orange or yellow powdery spots beneath the leaves. The presence of small water-soaked spots on the leaves of Myelochroa metarevoluta may indicate that it has an infection known as leaf spot.
Fungal diseases can be controlled by pruning severely infected parts of the plant or using fungicides. To prevent infection, it is essential to water the plant as often as needed and ensure that the plant is adequately drained.
Bacterial Diseases:
Another common disease that can affect Myelochroa metarevoluta is bacterial Soft Rot. The disease is characterized by dark water-soaked areas on the plant leaves and shoots. The rot can lead to the plant's collapse if not attended to promptly. The transmission of the disease occurs through contaminated equipment or water sources.
To prevent bacterial soft rot, maintain cleanliness by using clean hands and sterilizing pruning tools. Infected plants should be removed immediately to reduce the spread of the disease within the location.
Pest infestations:
Myelochroa metarevoluta is susceptible to pest attacks, which can result in plant death or destruction. Some common pests that might feed on the plant include spider mites, scale insects, and mealybugs. These pests can weaken the plant, leaving it susceptible to disease attacks and stunted growth.
To manage pest infestations, it is essential to use insecticides and other pest control products. Pest control products must be used according to the manufacturer's instructions to avoid negative effects on the plant's health.
In conclusion, proper care and maintenance are essential to keep Myelochroa metarevoluta healthy. Regular watering, proper drainage, pruning, sterilization, and pest control are effective measures for managing diseases and pest attacks.
