Overview of Mycomicrothelia hemisphaerica
Mycomicrothelia hemisphaerica, also known as the "little dome lichen," is a species of lichenized fungi in the family Mycomicrotheliaceae. This plant is a rare and slow-growing species that is typically found growing on rocks, boulders, and deadwood in tropical forests and mountainous regions. It was first classified by Mull. Arg. and later named by D. Hawksw.
Appearance of Mycomicrothelia hemisphaerica
Mycomicrothelia hemisphaerica appears as small, dome-shaped structures that are typically less than 2mm in diameter. The plant's thallus is leprose, meaning it lacks a distinct margin, and can vary in color from pale gray to brownish-yellow. Its apothecia are scattered and convex, emerging from the center of the thallus or on the upper surface of the domes.
Uses of Mycomicrothelia hemisphaerica
There are very few reported uses of Mycomicrothelia hemisphaerica in traditional medicine or industry. However, because of its unique appearance and rarity, many hobbyists and collectors enjoy cultivating and preserving the plant as a special addition to their floral or horticultural collections.
As with all lichenized fungi, Mycomicrothelia hemisphaerica plays a vital role in its ecosystem as a primary producer. Lichens have been shown to play an important role in soil development and nutrient cycling in forest ecosystems.
Light Requirements
Mycomicrothelia hemisphaerica is a mycobiont, meaning it obtains its energy and nutrients from a symbiotic relationship with a photosynthetic partner. As such, it does not have specific light requirements. However, it typically grows on the shaded underside of rocks or on decaying plant matter, suggesting that it prefers low to moderate light levels.
Temperature Requirements
The optimal temperature range for Mycomicrothelia hemisphaerica growth is not well established. However, it has been found in a broad geographic range spanning from temperate to tropical climates, suggesting that it can tolerate a wide range of temperatures. In vitro experiments have shown that it can grow under temperatures ranging from 15-30°C.
Soil and Substrate Requirements
Mycomicrothelia hemisphaerica is a lichenized fungus and does not have specific soil requirements. It typically grows on solid substrates such as rocks, tree bark, and decaying plant matter. The substrate should provide a stable anchoring point for the fungal hyphae and a suitable habitat for the photosynthetic partner, which is typically a green algae or a cyanobacterium. Some studies suggest that Mycomicrothelia hemisphaerica prefers a substrate with a slightly acidic pH, but this is not a strict requirement.
Cultivation Methods
Mycomicrothelia hemisphaerica is a lichen that grows as a crust-like structure on various substrates, including bark, rock, and soil. To cultivate this lichen, you can collect a small sample from the wild and transfer it onto the same substrate you found it growing on. You can also use a sterile technique to transfer it onto a new substrate of your choice, such as a piece of bark or a rock. After transferring the lichen, make sure to keep it in a cool and humid environment with plenty of airflow. This lichen prefers partial shade and can tolerate temperature fluctuations.Watering Needs
As a lichen, Mycomicrothelia hemisphaerica does not have roots and relies on moisture and nutrients absorbed from the substrate it grows on. Therefore, it does not require regular watering. However, it is essential to keep the substrate moist but not saturated to support the lichen's growth and survival. You can mist the lichen occasionally or place it in a humidity tray to provide some moisture.Fertilization
Lichens like Mycomicrothelia hemisphaerica do not require fertilizers or any other form of plant nutrients. They obtain their nutrients by absorbing water and minerals from the surrounding environment. Therefore, it is unnecessary to apply any fertilizer or soil amendment to the substrate.Pruning
Lichens do not require pruning like other plants. They have a slow growth rate and do not form distinct structures like stems or leaves. However, you can remove any dead or damaged parts of the lichen to improve its appearance and prevent the spread of disease or pests. You can gently remove the dead parts with a soft brush or a pair of tweezers, being careful not to damage the healthy parts of the lichen.Propagation of Mycomicrothelia hemisphaerica
Mycomicrothelia hemisphaerica can be propagated both sexually and asexually.
Asexual propagation
Asexual propagation of M. hemisphaerica is relatively simple as the fungus produces vegetative bodies known as thalli. These thalli can be easily fragmented and moved to a new substrate to initiate a new colony. This method of propagation is particularly useful for laboratory studies and commercial cultivation but is not practical for large-scale propagation in the wild.
Sexual propagation
Sexual propagation of M. hemisphaerica involves the production of spores, which are dispersed in the environment. The spores, once they land on a suitable substrate, germinate to form hyphae that will eventually grow into a new thallus. Sexual reproduction in M. hemisphaerica requires specific conditions, such as the right temperature, humidity, and substrate composition, making it difficult to propagate in the wild. However, this method of propagation ensures genetic diversity, which is important for the fungus's long-term survival.
Disease Management
Mycomicrothelia hemisphaerica is a relatively disease-resistant plant, with no known major diseases affecting it. However, it may occasionally face issues such as leaf spot, fungal infection, and root rot.
To prevent leaf spot, it is recommended to avoid overhead watering and provide good air circulation. In case of fungal infection, affected leaves should be removed and destroyed immediately. It is also crucial to avoid over-watering and ensure that the soil is well-drained to prevent root rot.
Pest Management
Mycomicrothelia hemisphaerica is also generally pest-free, but it can still be affected by some common pests such as aphids, spider mites, and mealybugs.
One way to manage aphids is to hose the affected plant parts with a strong stream of water. Neem oil and insecticidal soap are also effective in controlling aphids. Spider mites and mealybugs can be eliminated by using an insecticidal soap or horticultural oil. It is important to regularly inspect the plant for these pests and take action immediately to prevent them from causing extensive damage.
