Origin
Mycocalicium microcephalum (Sm.) Fink, commonly known as "parchment lichen," is a species of lichen native to the Northern Hemisphere, specifically found in North America, Europe, and Asia. It is typically found on the bark of trees in humid and shaded environments, such as forested areas.Common Names
In addition to "parchment lichen," Mycocalicium microcephalum is also known as "oakmoss lichen," "crowded parchment," and "petit scytin." These common names refer to the rugged and crinkly appearance of the lichen, which resembles parchment paper.Uses
Mycocalicium microcephalum is not known to have any significant medicinal or culinary uses. However, it is highly valued by ecological researchers as a bioindicator of air quality. Because lichens are sensitive to air pollution and climate change, studying lichen populations can provide valuable information about the health of an environment.General Appearance
Mycocalicium microcephalum is a distinctive lichen with a unique appearance. It typically forms small, flat, and crinkled clusters that often overlap and appear to be crowded together. The color of the lichen ranges from pale gray to greenish-gray, with the undersurface of the thallus (body) being a lighter shade than the upper surface. The body is composed of numerous lobes that radiate from a central point, and it can be up to 4cm in diameter. It is a crustose lichen, which means that it is closely attached to the substrate it grows on and cannot be easily removed without damaging it.Light Requirements
Mycocalicium microcephalum requires moderate to bright light for optimal growth. It should be placed near a south-facing window or under grow lights that provide at least 6-8 hours of light per day. Direct sunlight should be avoided as it can scorch the leaves.
Temperature Requirements
The ideal temperature range for Mycocalicium microcephalum is 60-80°F (15-27°C). However, it can tolerate temperatures as low as 50°F (10°C) and as high as 90°F (32°C) for short periods. It is important to avoid placing the plant near drafts or air conditioning units as they can cause temperature fluctuations that are detrimental to its growth.
Soil Requirements
Mycocalicium microcephalum prefers well-draining soil that has good air circulation. It can be planted in a mixture of peat moss, perlite, and sand in equal parts. The soil should be kept slightly moist, but not waterlogged, to avoid root rot. It is recommended to add a slow-release fertilizer to the soil during the growing season to provide additional nutrients.
Cultivation Methods for Mycocalicium microcephalum
Mycocalicium microcephalum is a lichenized fungus that grows symbiotically with algae. It is a slow-growing plant that requires special cultivation methods to thrive.
The first step in cultivating Mycocalicium microcephalum is to obtain a healthy specimen. This can be done by collecting a small amount of lichen from a mature plant and transferring it to a suitable growth medium. The growth medium should be kept moist and at a temperature of around 20°C.
Once the lichen has established itself on the growth medium, it should be transferred to a suitable substrate, such as a piece of bark or stone. The substrate should be placed in a well-lit area and kept moist.
Watering Needs for Mycocalicium microcephalum
Mycocalicium microcephalum requires regular watering to thrive. However, it is important not to over-water the plant, as this can cause the roots to rot.
The plant should be watered when the top layer of substrate begins to feel dry to the touch. When watering, ensure that the water reaches all parts of the substrate.
During periods of high humidity, such as in the summer months, it may be necessary to reduce the amount of water given to the plant.
Fertilization Techniques for Mycocalicium microcephalum
Mycocalicium microcephalum does not require regular fertilization. However, if the plant shows signs of nutrient deficiency, a small amount of organic fertilizer can be applied.
The fertilizer should be diluted and applied sparingly, as Mycocalicium microcephalum is sensitive to high levels of nutrients. It is important to avoid applying fertilizers containing nitrogen or phosphorus, as this can harm the plant.
Pruning Techniques for Mycocalicium microcephalum
Mycocalicium microcephalum does not require regular pruning. However, if the plant becomes too large or begins to encroach on other plants, it may be necessary to trim the plant back.
When pruning Mycocalicium microcephalum, it is important to use clean pruning shears to avoid introducing disease to the plant. Only remove the necessary amount of growth and avoid cutting into the plant's core.
If the plant becomes too large for its current container, it may be necessary to repot it into a larger container. When repotting, take care not to damage the roots and ensure that the new container is large enough to accommodate the plant's growth.
Propagation of Mycocalicium microcephalum
Mycocalicium microcephalum is generally propagated through division of the parent plant and through spores.
Division
Division involves carefully separating the parent plant into small sections with roots and shoots, which can then be planted in separate containers. When dividing the plant, it is important to ensure that each section has a good root system to ensure its survival. This method can be done during the growing season or at the start of the growing season in spring.
Spores
Another method of propagating Mycocalicium microcephalum is by using spores. Spores are produced by mature plants during the summer months, and these spores can be collected and used for propagation. To propagate using spores, the spores are collected from the mature plant and sown in a suitable substrate. The substrate should be kept moist but not wet, and maintained at a temperature of around 15-20°C. Germination should occur after a few weeks, and the young plants can then be transferred to individual containers once they are large enough to handle.
Disease and Pest Management for Mycocalicium microcephalum (Sm.) Fink
Mycocalicium microcephalum (Sm.) Fink, commonly known as rock posy, is an attractive low-growing plant that is highly tolerant of extreme weather conditions, including droughts. However, like any other plant, it is susceptible to disease and pest attacks. Below are some of the most common diseases and pests that affect the plant and ways to manage them.
Common Diseases
1. Tar Spots: Tar spots appear as black lesions on the leaves, and they are caused by the fungus Rhytisma spp. These spots can enlarge and cause the leaves to turn yellow and fall off the plant. To manage tar spots, remove infected leaves and avoid overhead watering as the fungus thrives in moist conditions. You may also use fungicides that contain neem oil, sulfur, or copper, as they are effective in controlling the fungus.
2. Bacterial Blight: Bacterial blight is caused by the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae. It appears as water-soaked lesions on the leaves, which eventually turn necrotic and drop off the plant. To control bacterial blight, remove infected leaves and avoid overhead watering. You may also use copper-based bactericides to manage the disease.
3. Phytophthora Root Rot: Phytophthora root rot is caused by Phytophthora spp., a soil-borne fungus. It causes the roots to rot, leading to stunted growth, wilting, and eventual death of the plant. To manage the disease, avoid overwatering and ensure good drainage. You may also use fungicides that contain fosetyl-aluminum or mefenoxam to control the fungus.
Common Pests
1. Spider Mites: Spider mites are tiny pests that suck sap from the leaves, causing them to turn yellow and fall off the plant. They also produce webs that can affect the plant's appearance. To control spider mites, spray the plant with insecticidal soap or neem oil. You may also introduce predatory mites to feed on the spider mites.
2. Aphids: Aphids are small green or black insects that also suck sap from the plant, causing stunted growth and distortion of the leaves. To control aphids, spray the plant with insecticidal soap or neem oil. You may also introduce natural predators such as ladybugs to feed on the aphids.
3. Whiteflies: Whiteflies are small insects that suck sap from the leaves, causing them to turn yellow and the plant to weaken. They also produce a sticky residue that attracts ants and promotes the growth of sooty mold. To control whiteflies, spray the plant with insecticidal soap or neem oil. You may also introduce natural predators such as parasitic wasps to feed on the whiteflies.
In conclusion, by practicing good cultural practices, such as good drainage, avoiding overhead watering, and maintaining proper hygiene, you can keep your Mycocalicium microcephalum (Sm.) Fink healthy and free from diseases and pests. However, if the infestation becomes severe, you may ask for advice from a professional or a local nursery/garden center.
